Starter page 3 The Earth is always changing

Starter (page 3) - The Earth is always changing how could the earth have changed over the past 400, 000 years? How long ago was the last ice age? https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=WHHXt. RPhg-A

What is climate change? I believe that climate change is a natural process. For example the sun releases energy that warms up our planet and sometimes it releases more than normal which makes us have periods of time when it is hotter. I believe that climate change is caused by humans. For example we release greenhouse gases that make our atmosphere warm up. Jasper write down who you think is telling the truth and why. Jade Jot down your ideas!

I believe that climate change is a natural process. For example the sun releases energy that and warms our planet and sometimes it releases more than normal which makes us hotter. I believe that climate change is caused by humans. For example we release gases that make our atmosphere warm up. BOTH ARE TELLING THE TRUTH! Jade Jasper Hang On! How can I tell that you are telling the truth. What evidence do you have the earth has ever been a different temperature than today?

What is the climate? Weather = day to day conditions Climate = weather over a long period of time

What is climate change? Climate change = A significant (big enough to make a difference) change in the earth’s climate (temperature and weather) over a long period of time. Having one hotter or colder than normal year isn’t climate change, it must be over a long period of time.

How has Task the temperature Your 1 Page 3: changed? Describe how the temperature of the earth Your Task: Readover through has changed time. the true the and T. E. A. false questions in Use structure your workbook. Investigate to keep your answer clear. the graph to find the correct answer. T. E. A. Your answer T – Trend What is happening overall. E – Example Give specific data to back up your trend. A – Anomaly Does any of the data not fit the trend, tell me about it! This graph shows that the temperature is… For example… However in the last 5 -10, 000 years…

Your Task 2 Page 3: Read through the top section of page 15 in your revision guide (if you have this – if you don’t have this, please look at the following slide) and answer the following questions in your workbook. 1) How long is the quaternary period? 2) What is a glacial and interglacial period? 3) What is global warming? Challenge Yourself: Describe the difference between climate change and global warming. Extension: On the average global temperature graph on P 15 of your revision guide work out how many degrees Celsius the temperature has changed.

What has caused the anomaly… Think Pair Share How long have humans existed? A: 10, 000 years B: 600, 000 years C: 200, 000 years Humans first existed. Now D: 1. 5 million years

How do we know that the climate is changing? Humans may have existed for the past 200, 000 years, but have only been using agricultural techniques for the last 10, 000 years. However, since the Industrial Revolution in the 1800’s the climate has been changing rapidly (very quickly). There is strong evidence that shows humans have been causing the climate to change at an unprecedented (never seen before) rate. You will investigate to find out if this evidence is… TRUEOR

Your Task 3: (Booklet Page 4)You will read through the different pieces of evidence on the next slide, that the top scientists have collected and decide if it proves that the climate has changed. Short term evidence: Evidence that the climate has changed in the last 150 years. Long term evidence: Evidence that the climate has been changing over 150 years ago. 1: Read through the different pieces of evidence. 2: Stick the evidence into your workbook (or write this out) to show if it is short or long term evidence. 3: Highlight where the evidence says how the climate has changed (where the temperature has increased or decreased). Challenge Yourself: Can you determine how reliable (trustworthy) the evidence is. Give each piece of evidence a rank out of 3. 1 = Not reliable 2 = Somewhat reliable 3=Very reliable Can you justify your decision (say why you think this).

Ice cores Every year when snow falls it traps gases in the snow. Over time each snow fall traps more gas and builds up forming a new layer. An ice core is ice that has been drilled out of an ice sheet to show the different layers. The cores show the last 400, 000 years. When scientists test the gases they show the temperature of that year. So far they show that there have been four glacial and interglacial periods. Sediment Cores The ocean flood builds up over time in layers as dead organisms (plants and animals) sink to the bottom. A sediment core is drilled out of the ocean floor. The dead organisms in the different years can be tested to show the temperature at the time they dies. These can show the temperature changes of the last 5 million years. When compared to ice cores they show the same warmer and cooler glacial and inter glacial periods. Tree Rings Every year a tree grows a new outside layer. Tree rings are thicker when the temperature that year has been warmer. By counting the rings on a tree and comparing each ring size they show which years were warmer. Tree rings can show the last 10, 000 years. They also show that the temperature is higher now than it was 10, 000 years ago. Pollen Analysis The pollen trapped in sediment cores can be analysed to find out what plant species it came from. This has shown us that plants that only grow in cold locations are being found in the sediment in warmer locations today. This means that where the pollen is found today used to be a lot colder. The Mini-Ice Age The mini-ice age was a time period of colder temperatures that happened after the medieval warm period. Diaries and paintings show evidence that this happened. These show that in the Swiss Alps farms and villages were destroyed by growing glaciers and it got colder. Paintings also show that the River Thames in London froze over. Seasonal Change This is shown by the nesting patterns of birds. As it gets warmer the timing of the seasons (summer, winter etc. ) change. Birds will change when they nest to copy this as they try to adapt to the changing temperature. A study in 1990 found that birds were nesting 9 days earlier than in 1970. Temperature Records Since the 1950 s the temperature has been recorded reliably by using thermometers. This gives a reliable but short term record of temperature change. Since the 1880 the average global temperature has increased by 0. 85 degrees Celcius. 0. 55 of this happened since 1970 showing that the temperature increase is speeding up. Ice Sheet Melting The Greenland Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in size. Data from NASA shows that Greenland lost an average of 286 billion tons of ice per year between 1993 and 2016. The rate of ice loss has tripled in the last decade and warming temperatures cause the ice sheets to melt faster. Decreased Snow Cover Satellite images of the earth over the last five decades show that the snow in the northern hemisphere has been melting earlier each year. Extreme Weather Events The number of record high temperature events has been increasing. For example in the USA the number of hurricanes have increased and they are becoming more powerful. However we only have records of the weather over the last 100 years so the hurricanes could have been just as powerful in the last ice age 10, 000 years ago.

Give reasons why Facts/information Explain how the evidence proves that the earth experiences climate change. (6 marks) Change in temperature. Glacial = cold period Interglacial = warm period • Point – Name one type of evidence. One piece of evidence is… • Example – Say what it shows. For example… • Develop – Explain why this shows climate change. This proves that the earth experiences climate change because… Therefore… Page 5 of your booklet – try and This means that… answer the question

WAGOLL – write your answer in your booklet on page 5 using the WAGOLL below to help you improve your work Point: Ice cores show that the temperature of the earth has changed over the last 400, 000 years. Example: For example ice cores show that the earth has gone through four glacial and interglacial periods from 2 to -8 degrees Celsius. Develop: This proves that the earth experiences climate change because testing the gases trapped in the ice tell you what temperature the earth was. Therefore the deeper the ice the older the time period. This means that we can reliably tell how the earths temperature has changed. Point: Another piece of evidence is diaries and paintings. Example: For example after the medieval warm period there was a mini ice age where the Thames froze which is recorded in paintings. Develop: This proves that the earth experiences climate change because the river Thames is not frozen today. Therefore it must have been colder in the past. This means that the temperature has changed since medieval periods.

Have humans caused the climate to change? MAYBE YES Think Pair Share NO

TRUEOR The Quaternary period is over the last 2. 6 million years. An interglacial period is a period where the earth experiences a milder climate. TRUE Climate change is caused only by humans. Ice core samples, thermometer readings and tree ring samples are sources of reliable evidence of climate change. TRUE The current global temperature is the highest it has been throughout the last 400, 000 years. Ice sheet cover and historical paintings are two ways to observe climate change. Global temperatures are increasing at 0. 85 degrees Celsius each year since 1880. Humans are having no impact on the current rapid increase in global temperatures. TRUE