Starter ABC Number yourself 1 2 1 1

Starter: ABC Number yourself 1 -2 1. 1 minute to explain each key term 2. Person 2, 1 minute to explain any key term that your partner did not explain 3. 1 minute to use your notes from today to look up any key term you will still unsure of. If you finish the task, can you and your partner test each other on 3 key terms each in memory? Challenge: can you answer the key terms with the * next to them after todays lesson? reliability Reciprocity *Inter-observer reliability Interactional synchrony. 92 innate *Socially sensitive *. 0. 8 Demand characteristics Behavioural categories

Evaluation consolidation (A 03) • From your group discussion, individually complete the evaluation paragraphs on page 8 of your attachment pack. Extension: plan an answer to the following exam question: Describe and evaluate research into caregiver-infant interaction (12 mark s

One issue with Meltzoff and Moore’s research is the questionable validity of testing infants. Infants pull ‘funny faces’ all the time and it is not uncommon for an infant to randomly stick their tongue out, yawn or smile and therefore it is difficult to distinguish between normal behavior and imitation. This matters because we cannot measure the intention of the child so we do not know whether the child is responding to the mother’s behaviour or the behaviours are non-deliberate. Therefore the internal validity of the study can be questioned

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Shaffer’s stages of attachment

Consolidation activity Task 1: Using the lists on your handout, complete the table to indicate which behaviours are found, and who an infant has a preference for at each stage Task 2: For each of the following children, decide which stage of attachment they are at. Justify your answer (page 10 -11)

Which of Schaffer’s stages is the infant at and why? Jacintha showed no distress when her mother (her primary caregiver) left the room to go out for the evening. When her older brother elbowed her she cried but was comforted after a cuddle from the new baby sitter who had just started that evening. Stage: Reasons:

Which of Schaffer’s stages is the infant at and why? Ash went to nursery 4 days a week. When he saw his key worker at the nursery he was immediately pleased to see her and happy to be at nursery. When his mum picked him up from nursery he ran straight to he and was delighted to see her; the situation was the same when his dad picked him up. Once, though, his Auntie (who did not like children and rarely saw Ash) had to pick him up from nursery; Ash cried and clung to his key worker. Stage: Reasons:

Which of Schaffer’s stages is the infant at and why? Albert cried the first time he saw his grandfather, who live abroad so had not visited him before. Furthermore, when his father (his primary caregiver) left the room Albert tried to follow him and tearfully banged on the shut door to try to get his father back. Stage: Reasons:

Which of Schaffer’s stages is the infant at and why? Jane seemed interested when shown the red balloon, her teddy or her older sister. She seemed quite excited when her dad came back home from work but she also seemed excited to see a blue balloon. When the blue balloon popped she became very upset; showing her the red balloon did not calm her down, but a cuddle from her dad did. Stage: Reasons:

Schaffer and Emerson (study) Schaffer and Emerson (1964) developed a stage theory to describe how attachments develop. Read the research and answer the questions on Schaffer and Emerson study

Evaluation 1. Schaffer and Emerson’s study was longitudinal …. 2. In some cultures multiple caregivers are the norm …. 3. The stages were developed based on evidence such as Schaffer and Emerson’s study so… 4. This is a stage theory so……… 5. Schaffer and Emerson’s study is based on a limited sample of participants…. . 6. The stages link to reciprocity and interactional synchrony because……. .

Evaluation Task Select one evaluation point. The point you selected you need to… • Elaborate on the point (some points may need introducing) • Link back to Shaffer’s stages of attachment. • What does the point really tell us about the stages of attachment?

Exam focus Outline and evaluate Shaffer’s stages of attachment (6 marks)

Schaffer and Emerson plenary

1. Name Schaffer’s four stages in order 2. Fully describe two of Schaffer’s stages 3. Describe the procedures of Schaffer’s study 3. Describe the findings of Schaffer’s study 4. Make a comment on the validity of Schaffer’s research 5. Make a comment on the sample of Scahffer’s study 6. Make a comment the fact that this was a stage theory.

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