START OF UNIT 1 B CHAPTER 3 GSH

START OF UNIT 1 B – CHAPTER 3 GSH IV. AMERICA IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE OBJ: TO ASSESS THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL (THE ENLIGHTENMENT & GREAT AWAKENING) & ECONOMIC CHANGES ON THE RISE OF A SEPARATE IDENTITY AMONG BRITISH COLONISTS • 1. RISE OF THE BRITISH WORLDWIDE • GREATEST NAVY, ENLIGHTENMENT, GREAT AWAKENING • 2. DIVERSIFICATION: MANY EUROPEAN CLAIMS • AFRICAN SLAVES • 3. CONTACT & CONFLICT: EURO POWERS VS. EA. OTHER, COLONISTS W/ NATIVES & NATIVES VS. NATIVES

A. INTELLECTUAL INFLUENCES • THE ENLIGHTENMENT 1660: HUMANS ARE AGENTS OF MORAL SELF DETERMINATION; POWER OF HUMAN REASON TO SHAPE THE WORLD • RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY CREATED ECO & SOC CONFLICT IN COLONIES BUT ALL AGREED IN LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE & ECO OPPTY • SCI REV UPROOTED RELIGIOUS VIEW OF WORLD: COPERNICUS, NEWTON, LOCKE’S ‘SOCIAL CONTRACT’ • 4 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES • 1. LAWLIKE ORDER OF NATURAL WORLD • 2. POWER OF REASON • 3. NATURAL RIGHTS • 4. SOCIETY CAN BE IMPROVED

1. ENLIGHTENMENT IN AMERICA • DEISM: SUPREME BEING & NATURAL LAWS • BEN FRANKLIN B. 1706 DEVOUT CALVINIST BUT… • BECAME DEIST BECAUSE OF INTELLECTUAL APPEAL • WAY OF THINKING, LED HIM TO ? MORALITY OF SLAVERY • RESPECTED ALL RELIGION, NEVER DOUBTED THE EXISTENCE OF GOD • Benjamin West, Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky, 1816 postmortem

2. THE GREAT AWAKENING DISINTIGRATION OF RELIGIOUS PIETY IN COLONIES • EMPHASIZED PIOUS BEHAVIOR • SPREAD THROUGHOUT COLONIES • DIFFERENT IN MASS. • J. EDWARDS- G. A. MINISTER • “THEIR FOOT SHALL SLIP IN DUE TIME” DEUTERONOMY 32: 35 • SINNERS IN THE HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD 1741 – HELL SO DEPRAVED • GEORGE WHITFIELD- TRUE REVIVAL OF RELIGIOUS RENEWAL • OLD LIGHTS VS. NEW LIGHTS • RESULTS: UNIFICATION, IMPORTANCE OF • Joseph Badger, Jonathan Edwards 1750 INDIVIDUALISM, SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM, SELF IMPROVEMENT • “POOREST. . HOLDS…HIS RIGHT TO ADVANCE OPINION IN ANY & ALL MATTERS JUST LIKE A GENTLEMAN”

B. 1660 -1713 COLONIES TO EMPIRE • ATTEMPTS TO CONSOLIDATE POWER • • OVER AMERICAN COLONIES GLORIOUS REVOLUTION 1688 PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER DECLARATION OF RIGHTS LIMITED POWER, CREATED CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY PARLIAMENT ULTIMATE AUTHORITY • COLONISTS HIT LIMITS (LEISLER, ANDROS ETC) • ZENGER TRIAL NYC • MERCANTILIST POLICIES CONTINUED W/ LITTLE OVERSIGHT AS ENGLAND ENTERED “ 2 ND 100 YRS. WAR” 1689 -1815

C. IMPACT OF WAR ON COLONIES • NORTH AMERICA TRANSFORMED • TRIBALIZATION OF NATIVE AMERICANS • ADAPTION OF STATELESS PEOPLE TO IMPOSED DEMANDS BY NEIGHBORING STATES – REORGANIZATION • NATIVE GOALS DIFFERED • SLAVE ECONOMY & SOUTH • • • ATLANTIC SYSTEM-MIDDLE PASSAGE WARS COST MONEY SUGAR ISLES MOST IMPORTANT & CONTROLLED BY WEALTHY SLAVE POPULATION ROSE SUGAR LOBBY, SUGAR ACT, 11 MILL SLAVES TO MAINTAIN SUGAR INDUSTRY STONO REBELLION, S. C. 1739

1. NEW POLITICS 1713 -1750 • TREATY OF UTRECHT 1713 – WAR OVER • TRADE EXTREMEMLY PROFITABLE • POLICY OF SALUTARY NEGLECT ROBERT WALPOLE 1720 -42 LEADER OF • HOUSE OF COMMONS • COLONIAL POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS STRENGTHENED SINCE 1688 • • NAVIGATION ACTS: WOOL ‘ 99, HATS ‘ 32, MOLASSES ‘ 33– OBEYED OR NOT • COLONIES LACKED CURRENCY & BR RETALIATED WITH CURRENCY ACT 1751 • CHARLES TOWNSHEND – STRICTER COLONIAL CONTROL