Staphylococcus Aureus Do you know what youre eating

Staphylococcus Aureus: Do you know what you’re eating? KATHERYN BRUTON WALDEN UNIVERSITY MPH PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PUBH 6165 -5 INSTRUCTOR: STEPHEN ARNOLD Source: http: //ssmmid. org/staphylococci/

2 1 Source: http: //howshealth. com/staph-skin-infectionspictures-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/ 4 3 Source: http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/staphylococcal-food-poisoning. html Source: http: //ssmmid. org/staphylococci/ 2

Staphylococcus and Our Health An Overview 3 STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STAPHYLOCOCCUS EPIDERMIDIS STAPHYLOCOCCUS SAPROPHYTICUS

Staph what? ? 4 v One of the most common pathogens v Gram positive cocci that forms clusters v Exotoxins v Can live for a long time Source - Fauci, Braunwald, et. al. , 2008, p. 873

Normal Human Flora 5 Source: Microsoft Clip Art

Doctor, I feel sick!! 6 v. Superantigens - Bind to MHC-II - Bind to T-cell receptor - Help release IL-2 and IFN-γ

TSST-1 7 v. Fever v. Muscle pain v. Nausea v. Abdominal v. Vomiting v. Diarrhea v. Rash tenderness v. Headache v. Shock

Exfoliatin 8 v. Exfoliatin Toxin A (ETA) v. Exfoliatin Toxin B (ETB) v. Epidermal necrolysis

Exfoliatin cont… 9 Source: http: //www. jaskin. com/? p=485 v. Staph Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) v Rash and Bullae v Fever, chills, weakness v Separation of the epidermis/peeling v Hematogenously spread v Rapid progression Source: King and Saint Victor, 2010, http: //emedicine. medscape. com/article/788199 -media King and Saint Victor, 2010, http: //emedicine. medscape. com/article/788199 -overview

Food Poisoning!! 10 ENOUGH ABOUT TOXIC SHOCK AND SCALDED SKIN, WHAT HAPPENS IF I HAVE FOOD POISONING? ?

Transmission Food poisoning 11 v. Normal Flora v. Human-human transmission v. Wash your food and wash your hands!!

Enterotoxin 12 v. Still an exotoxin v. Released within the intestinal mucosa or basically in the gastrointestinal tract v. Nausea, vomiting, Source – Personal photo from 2007 diarrhea

Pathogenesis 13 v. Ingestion of toxin- contaminated food v. Enterotoxin resistant to hydrolysis and heatstable at 100°C

14 v. Single meal v. Early symptoms (30 min, 1 -6 hrs, 12 hrs) v. Intoxications instead of infections v. Severity v# of organisms v status of the host

Problematic Foods 15 v. Ice cream v. Egg salad v. Ham v. Potato salad v. Salted pork v. Pastries filled with Source – Rattray, 2010, Southern Food custard v. Mayonnaise v. Sausages

Acute symptoms 16 v. Symptoms appear within 12 hrs v. No fever v. Vomiting > diarrhea

Prevention: What can I do? ? 17 v. First and foremost, wash your hands!! v. People with skin infections should NOT prepare food v. Proper refrigeration v. Do not leave food at room temperature

By all means, cover your sneeze!! 18 Source: Hazy, AD http: //reddit. wired. com/submission_stop_action_photography/? s=top

19 v A sneeze guard Source: http: //www. folksy. com/items/614361 -CLEARACRYLIC-PERSPEX-SNEEZE-GUARD-OR-FOODSCREEN

Treatment 20 v. Penicillin, clindamycin, cephalosporins? ? v. Rehydration v. Rest v. Loperamide aka Imodium D? ?

Government Regulations 21 CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 22 v. US Stats v 76 million illnesses v 300, 000 v> v. Food Safety Office hospitalized 5, 000 die v. Tracking is vital v Disability, sickness, and death v Interdepartmental, nation wide and international endeavors v Provides information and recommendations v Prevention and management v Liaisons with other US departments v Constant reviews and assessment CDC, 2010, Food Safety Office (FSO) http: //www. cdc. gov/foodsafety/

CDC cont… 23 v. Biological warfare v. Enterotoxin B CDC. (2006). National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases: Division of Bacterial Diseases. Retrieved from http: //www. cdc. gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/staphylococcus_food_g. htm

Food and Drug Administration 24 v Food protection plan v Prevention v Food facilities renewing registrations every 2 years v Overseas v Intervention v Inspections, sampling, risk v Imports v Response v Data collection, reporting and emergency response v Stakeholders v Media v Mandatory recall power FDA. (2009) http: //www. fda. gov/Food. Safety/Food. Safety. Programs/Food. Protection. Plan 2007/ucm 132705. htm

Conclusion 25 HANDLE YOUR FOOD PROPERLY & BY ALL MEANS WASH YOUR HANDS

References 26 v CDC, 2010, Food Safety Office (FSO) http: //www. cdc. gov/foodsafety/ v Fauci, A. , Braunwald, E. , et. al. (2008). Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 17 th edition. New York: Mc. Graw Hill. v FDA. (2009) http: //www. fda. gov/Food. Safety/Food. Safety. Programs/Food. Protection. Plan 2007/ucm 132705. htm v Hazy, AD. Cover your Sneeze. Retrieved from http: //reddit. wired. com/submission_stop_action_photography/? s=top v King, R. and Saint Victor, P. (2010). Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome. Emedicine. Retrieved from http: //emedicine. medscape. com/article/788199 -overview v Rattray, D. (2010). Southern Food - Potato Salad with Peas. Image retrieved from http: //southernfood. about. com/od/potatorecipes/ig/Potato-Salads/potatosalad-peas-3. htm

27 Thank you!! Questions, Comments, Observations? ?