Staphylococcal Food Poisoning By Komalah Ramakrishnan Malene Avalee

Staphylococcal Food Poisoning By : • Komalah Ramakrishnan • Malene Avalee • Martina Farirah • Nino Rusty Roslee Management And Science University Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences Clinical Microbiology

WHAT IS STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING? ? v. Food-borne intoxication v. Often abrupt and severe in onset v. Occurs usually 2 -8 hours after eating v. Severe nausea v. Caused by staphylococcal enterotoxins , protein exotoxins released during growth of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus Aureus ØMacroscopic - opaque, smooth, circular - white cream ØMicroscopic - Gram stain - Gram-positive cocci in clusters

Origins of S. aureus • Primary reservoirs are humans and animals • Carried by up to 50% of humans ( in nostrils, on skin or hair)

Causes

Properties of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins • Resistant to heat treatment • Stable over a wide p. H range • Resistant to gastrointestinal and other proteases

Properties of Foods Typically Implicated • High protein content • Require considerable handling during preparation • Left at room temperature without subsequent cooking and prior adequate heating

Common Foods Implicated Meat Poultry Tuna salad Cream pastries

Severity of illness depends on. . • Amount of contaminated food eaten • Amount of toxin in food ingested • General health of the victim • Age of victim

Mechanism of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins - vomit 2. Stimulation of vagus nerve 3. Transmits signal to the vomitting center in the brain 1. Enterotoxins directly affect intestinal epithelium

Mechanism of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins – Immune response Staphylococcal penetrate the gut lining Activate local and systemic immune response Release inflammatory mediators Vomit

Mechanism of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins - Diarhea Staphylocaccal Enterotoxins disturb the activity in the large intestine Water can’t be reabsorption in large intestine Diarrhea

Complication IV Hydration

History Chief Concern

Symptoms develop 1 -6 hrs, sometimes within 30 min Food causing illness not smell bad/spoiled but can produce Enterotoxin HPI Suggest foodborne outbreak Other symptoms Neurologic symptoms Prolonged diarrhea Bloody diarrhea

Physical Thirst Weight loss Dry mucous membrane Sunken eyes Assess for dehydration or Hypovolemia Tachycardia Decreased skin turgor Hypotension

Diagnosis Clinical evaluation Laboratory evaluation

Clinical evaluation • Based on the clinical history of patient after eating potentially contaminated food such us: 1. Severe nausea and Vomiting 2. Diarrhea 3. Abdominal cramps and pain 4. Bloody stool 5. Loss of appetite

Laboratory evaluation Based on the laboratory test: 1. Gram stain -Gram positive cocci 2. Stool testing in Staphylococcus aureus Gastroenteritis.

PROGNOSIS • Symptoms may start up to 6 hours and may last up to 3 days. • It may severe in small percentage of patient with low immunity system.

PREVENTIONS v Wash hands and under fingernails with soap and water before handling and preparing food. v Do not prepare food if you have a nose or eye infection. v Do not prepare / serve food if you have wounds or skin infection v Keep kitchens and food-serving areas clean and sanitized. v If food is prepared more than two hours before serving: Keep hot foods (> 140° F) Keep cold foods ( ≤ 40° F ) v Store cooked food in a wide, shallow container and refrigerate as soon as possible. v Wash fresh fruits and vegetables v Shop safely. Bag raw meat, poultry, or fish separately from other food items

TREATMENTS

we always the targets we evoke lots of fear Buddy u're a young man, dumb man, careless bombarded wit chlorine, ph gamma rays to mk us disappear And u're gonna make someone quite sick someday u got spores on ur plate tey'll but we naturally occuring. incubate nature pulls our reins there's trouble if u cross-contaminate and when there's trouble we mutate into really virulent microbes tey might be kill u x 2 strains toilins with the fast food, bad mood, careless i we are the microbes, my friend dnt matter if those burgers stay pink inside n we keep dividing till the end serving up a storm wit coliform we r the microbes x 2 no time 0157's deadly if it dont get warm for chlorine cause we are the microbes in food microbes tey might kill u x 2 sing it microbes tey might kill u x 2 Lyrics

Reference • Maria Angeles Argudin, Maria Carmen Mendoza, Maria Rosario Rodicio. Food poisoning and staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins in Department of Functional Biology (Section of Microbiology) and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Spain Toxins (Basel). 2010 July; 2(7): 1751– 1773. • https: //www. inkling. com/read/schaechters-mechanisms-microbial-disease 5 th/chapter-11/the-pathogen-staphylococci

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