stanford hci group cs 376 Information Visualization Scott

stanford hci group / cs 376 Information Visualization Scott Klemmer 03 November 2005 research topics in human-computer interaction http: //cs 376. stanford. edu

Definition [www. oed. com] The action or fact of visualizing; the power or process of forming a mental picture or vision of something not actually present to the sight; a picture thus formed. Information Visualization 2

Functions of Visualizations § § § Answer a question “One image = One diagnosis” Make decisions Support analysis and reasoning To explore and discover; encourage creativity Look at things in a new way “The purpose of computing is insight, not numbers” [R. Hamming] Communicate information to others Make a point Tell a story Inspire Information Visualization 3

Functions of Visualizations § 1. Recording information § e. g. table of logarithms, blueprints and § telescope images § 2. Understanding information § Computer -> Display -> Person § w/ feedback and interaction § 3. Presenting information § Display -> People § Share, collaborate, revise, … Information Visualization 4

Challenger Disaster 1 of 13 pages of material faxed to NASA by Morton Thiokol Information Visualization 5

Challenger Disaster 1 of 13 pages of material faxed to NASA by Morton Thiokol Information Visualization 6

Challenger Disaster E. Tufte, pp. 46 -47 , Visual Explanations Information Visualization 7

Challenger Disaster Redrawn by E. Tufte, p. 49 , Visual Explanations Information Visualization 8

Amplifies Cognition/Perception 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Expand working memory Reduce search time Pattern detection and recognition Perceptual inference Perceptual monitoring and controlling attention 6. Interaction is important for cognition § Card, Mackinlay, Shneiderman Information Visualization 9

Route Maps Overlaid Route Sketched Route 1. Find cognitive and perceptual principles 2. Optimize the visualization according to these principles Agrawala and Stolte, Rendering Effective Route Maps, SIGGRAPH 2001 Information Visualization 10

5. Interaction Gibson’s Experiment Goal: Match 2 shapes Active touch: 96% Passive (rotation) 72% Passive (imprint) 49% From J. J. Gibson (1966) The Senses Considered as a Perceptual System, p. 124 Thanks to David Kirsh for this example. Information Visualization 11

Information Visualization 12

Information-Seeking Mantra § § Overview first, then zoom and filter, details on demand B. Schneiderman, The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualization, 1996 Information Visualization 13

Exploration Interaction Spectrum VR Data Explorer Encyclopedia Interactive 3 D model Presentation Navigation map Reactivity Graph Games Text slide Slide by. Information F. Guimbretiere Visualization 14

Information Visualization 15

Information Visualization 16

Quotes: Bringhurst & Tufte “Some space must be narrow so that other space may be wide, and some space must be emptied so that other space may be filled. ” – Robert Bringhurst The Elements of Typographic Style “Information consists of differences that make a difference. ” – Edward Tufte Envisioning Information Visualization 17

Small Multiples § Economy of line § Many similarities enable us to notice differences IMAGE REMOVED Information Visualization 18

SMALL MULTIPLES International Women’s Day Echeverria, Heriberto 1971 March 8 - International Women’s Day Diaz, Estela 1974 March 8 - International Women’s Day Cuban Poster Art Gallery, http: ///www. sims. berkeley. edu/~lcush/Gen. Cat. html/ Information Visualization 19

SMALL MULTIPLES Reid Miles, Blue Note Cover Information Visualization 20

Design Galleries Information Visualization 21

Design Galleries Information Visualization 22

London Underground Information Visualization 23

Information Visualization 24

Palm’s Design Economy Information Visualization 25