Standard Bridge Culvert Components STANDARD BRIDGE CULVERT COMPONENTS

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components STANDARD BRIDGE & CULVERT COMPONENTS Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Alberta Bridge Inventory In Alberta there about 13, 300 bridges. Types of bridges in Alberta: – Standard bridges – Bridge size culverts – Major bridges 3521 (26%) 8348 (63%) 1435 (11%) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Standard Bridges -Any bridge which is built using standard components and according to standard drawings (plans). -Exception is standard girder bridges with composite decks (e. g. – SMC, SCC, SLC) which are currently classified as major bridges -For inspection purposes standard bridges are divided into two basic features: – Superstructure – Substructure Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Typical Bridge Components DECK SUPERSTRUCTURE ABUTMENT PART OF SUBSTRUCTURE PIER PART OF SUBSTRUCTURE Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Typical Bridge Components Superstructure – It carries the load applied to the deck and transfers it to bridge supports. Substructure – It transfers load from the superstructure to the foundation soil or rock. – It includes all elements below the bearings. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Typical Bridge Components Deck - Provides a smooth & safe riding surface – Transfers load of the deck to other components. – Three common material used for the deck: – Wood – Concrete – Steel Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure for Standard Bridges Superstructure comprises of bearings and all elements above bearings, including: – – – Bridgerail. Hazard markers. Timber stringers with timber deck. Reinforced concrete girders. Prestressed concrete girders. Bearings. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements SPLICE - EXPOSED EDGE FACES AWAY FROM APPROACHING TRAFFIC WHEEL GUARD TIMBER POST STRIP DECK W - BEAM BRIDGERAIL NOTE: TIMBER BLOCK AT EVERY POST Timber Superstructure SUB DECK AND STRINGERS ARE TREATED WITH CREOSOTE. SUB DECK TIMBER STRINGERS Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements HAZARD MARKER W BEAM BRIDGERAIL APPROACH GUARDRAIL Superstructure Substructure STEEL H - PILE NEOPRENE BEARING PAD CURB CONCRETE GIRDER CONCRETE CAP STEEL PIPE PILE SPAN 1 SPAN 2 HAZARD MARKER TUBE TYPE BRIDGERAIL CURB Superstructure Substructure CONCRETE GIRDER TIMBER CAP TIMBER PILE SPAN 1 SPAN 2 Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements 3. 4 mm THICK THRIE BEAM GUARDRAIL BRIDGERAIL GUARDRAIL APPROACH RAIL TRANSITION TOP OF FINISHED ROADWAY NEOPRENE BEARING PAD 2. 7 mm THICK W-THRIE BEAM TRANSITION SECTION STEEL H - PILE STEEL PIPE PILE 3. 4 mm THICK THRIE BEAM GUARDRAIL SPAN 1 Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course CONCRETE CAP CONCRETE GIRDER SPAN 2 BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements • Reinforced Concrete Girders – Concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension. – Concrete bending members are reinforced with mild reinforcing steel to produce reinforced concrete girders. • Prestressed Concrete Girders – Girders are reinforced with high strength steel under tension. – Girders are designed not to crack. – Generally more economical. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements 22” PRODUCED FROM 1950 TO 1952 LENGTHS: 16’, 20’ & 28’ 16” 28” 2’ – 11 7/8” TYPE "A" CURB 12” TYPE "A" INT. 2’ – 11 7/8” 16” Reinforced Concrete Girders PRODUCED FROM 1953 TO 1960 LENGTHS: 20’ & 28’ TYPE "G" INT. TYPE "G" CURB 3’ – 3” 2’ – 6” 12” 1’ – 6” 2’ – 11 7/8” 2’ – 0” PRODUCED FROM 1952 TO 1965 LENGTHS: 30’, 35’, 40’ & 42’ TYPE "E" INT. TYPE "E" CURB Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements 1’ – 9” 12” 2’ – 11 7/8” 20” PRODUCED FROM 1961 TO 1974 LENGTHS: 20’, 28’, 33’ & 38’ TYPE "HC" INT. Reinforced Concrete Girders TYPE "HC" CURB 12” 1’ – 9” 22” 2’ – 11 7/8” PRODUCED FROM 1974 TO 1979 LENGTHS: 20’, 28’, 33’ & 38’ TYPE “VH" INT. TYPE "VH" CURB Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements 1’ – 8” 13 3/8” 2’ – 5 3/4” 20” TYPE “VS” INT. TYPE “VS” CURB 756 510 340 Prestressed Concrete Girders PRODUCED FROM 1974 TO 1979 LENGTHS: 20’, 25’, 30’ & 35’ 20” 3’ – 11 1/2” 510 1206 TYPE “SM” INT. PRODUCED FROM 1979 TO 1990 LENGTHS: 6, 8, 10 & 11 m TYPE “SM” CURB Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements 510 340 356 510 TYPE "SC" INT. TYPE "SC" EXT. 350 50 1206 LENGTHS: 6, 8, 10 & 12 m 510 Prestressed Concrete Girders LENGTHS: 6, 8, 10 & 12 m 510 1206 TYPE "SC" INT. TYPE "SC" EXT. 350 50 1206 510 CURRENTLY IN USE LENGTHS: 6, 8, 10, 12 & 14 m TYPE "SL" INT. TYPE "SL" EXT. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements C BRIDGE C STREAM SKEW ANGLE "LHF" BRIDGE SKEW ANGLE Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements – Warning sign at bridge approaches. – Yellow board with black sloping lines. – Placed at end of the bridge, in line with railing posts. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance 900 Hazard Marker

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Superstructure Elements • Bearings – Neoprene or rubber pads or strips. – Used over steel and concrete caps. – Transmit all loads from superstructure to substructure. – Permit longitudinal movement of the superstructure. – Allow rotation caused by deflection. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements Substructure comprises of all elements below bearings. Major components: – Abutments – Pier or Pile Bent (H pile pier or Pipe pile pier) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements Other components: – – – Caps & Subcaps. Piles. Sheathing & Bracing. Wingwall Backwall Riprap Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements Substructures can be: – – – Timber piles with timber cap Timber piles with steel cap Steel “H” piles with concrete cap Steel pipe piles with concrete cap Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements TIMBER SCAB BACKWALL ABUTMENT CAP ANCHOR PILES ABUTMENT SUBCAP SPLICE ABUTMENT PILES T EN TM BU A GH ILL U RO TH SP WINGWALL PILE NT ME HEAVY ROCK BUT A RIPRAP LL WA K AC HB HIG Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements MAXIMUM HEIGHT FOR A PIER CAP SUB CAP SPLICE SINGLE ROW OF PILING IS 3. 0 m STRUTS G N KI ITH AN PL W Timber Piers ( 2 Types Of Bracing) G CIN Y WA A BR S ITH W Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements STEEL H PILE SCAB DECK SURFACE 6. 0 m MAX. 3. 0 m MAX. STEEL CAP STEEL BRACING GALVANIZED STEEL H-PILES PIER HIGH BACKWALL ABUTMENT (HALF VIEW ONLY) STREAM BED STEEL NOSE (HALF VIEW ONLY) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements WINGWALL PILE DECK SURFACE 1. 25 m MAXIMIM STEEL CAP PLANK SHEATING 3. 5 m MAXIMIM STEEL CAPITAL TIMBER PILES SPILL THROUGH ABUTMENT HALF VIEW ONLY PIER HALF VIEW ONLY Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course STREAM BED BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements DECK SURFACE CONCRETE WINGWALL 6. 0 m MAX 1. 0 m MAX CONCRETE PIER CAP GALVANIZED STEEL H-PILES STREAM BED PIER ABUTMENT (HALF VIEW ONLY) GALVANIZED PIPE PILES (HALF VIEW ONLY) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements 2. 5 m MAX GALVANIZED STEEL CAP GALVANIZED STEEL H-PILES SC PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGE WITH STEEL SUBSTRUCTURE HIGH ABUTMENT BACKWALL (ELEVATION) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements C DOWEL ABUT. & PILES SC GIRDER FILTER FABRIC NEOPRENE PAD T. T PLANKING T. T NAILING STRIP BOLTED TO PILE GALVANIZED STEEL CAP HP 310 X 94 GALVANIZED STEEL PILE HP 310 X 94 SC PRECAST GIRDER BRIDGE WITH STEEL SUBSTRUCTURE (SECTION) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements PILE BRACING STEEL NOSE U/S 2. 5 m MAX 5. 5 m MAX STEEL CAP GALVANIZED STEEL PILES SC PRECAST GIRDER BRIDGE WITH STEEL SUBSTRUCTURE PIER (ELEVATION) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Substructure Elements ASPHALT FIBRE BOARD SC GIRDER C PIER PILES DOWEL SC GIRDER NEOPRENE PAD GALVANIZED STEEL CAP 2 - HP 310 X 94 C/W STIFFENER PLATES GALVANIZED STEEL PILE HP 310 X 94 SC PRECAST GIRDER BRIDGE WITH STEEL SUBSTRUCTURE PIER (ELEVATION) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components CULVERTS Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components C ROADWAY CROWN OF ROAD CONCRETE SHOULDER (OR COLLAR) U/S INVERT STREAMBED (U/S) CLAY SEAL (BOTH ENDS) CULVERT RIPRAP CONCRETE HEADWALL OUTLET INLET STREAMBED (D/S) APRON CONCRETE CUT-OFF WALL D/S INVERT BARREL SECTION BEVEL END LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH CULVERT Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components C CULVERT ROAD SURFACE TOP PLATES (ROOF OR TOP ARC) RISE SIDE PLATES (WALL OR SIDE ARC) INVERT BOTTOM PLATES (FLOOR OR BOTTOM ARC) SPAN SECTION Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components ARCH (HEADWALL) APRON COLLAR CUT-OF-WALL ARCH (HEADWALL) INVERT COLLAR CUT-OF-WALL Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Typical Inlet Configurations SQUARE FLUSH INLET SQUARE PROJECTING INLET BEVEL FLUSH INLET Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BELL-MOUTH INLET (PLAN) BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components H 2 H 1 Concrete End Treatment SE EP A GE F Uplift force, F is proportional to H 1 – H 2 Seepage is proportional to H 1 – H 2 Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Concrete End Treatment Headwall Shoulder w F Cut-off-wall Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Concrete End Treatment Concrete end treatment has five important functions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Weight provides downward force to resist uplift. Cut-off wall lengthens the seepage path. Shoulder strengthens the bevel edges. Enhances the inlet transition. Aesthetics. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Clay Seals Problems due to seepage: – Fine material is removed from the granular backfill. Ø Loss of material creates voids. Ø Support length of the backfill is reduced. Ø Culvert can deform. – Uplift forces are increased. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Clay Seals CLAY SEAL (EACH END) Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Scour Protection - Aprons Flowing water causes shear forces on the bed. – Shear force is proportional to velocity. – High shear forces will erode bed and bank material. Ø Causes fill stability problems at inlet and outlet. Ø Causes structural deformation. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Scour Protection - Aprons • Riprap is placed to protect the end of culverts. • Larger and heavier riprap provides higher shear resistance. • Cut-off wall helps anchor riprap. Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components Culvert (SPCSP) Installation Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance

Standard Bridge & Culvert Components END Technical Standards Branch Class B Bridge Inspection Course BIM Bridge Inspection and Maintenance