Standard 10 Chapter 6 Reconstruction Lincoln Killed Lincoln

Standard 10 Chapter 6 - Reconstruction

Lincoln Killed �Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 (5 days after the war ended) �Andrew Johnson became president and vowed to fulfill Lincoln’s goal of putting the nation back together �*Assassination Videos*

Federal Legislation � 13 th amendment- made slavery illegal throughout the US � 14 th amendment- guaranteed citizenship to everyone regardless of race � 15 th amendment- no citizen can be denied the right to vote based on race, color, or pervious condition of servitude.

Presidential Reconstruction �Southerners who swore allegiance to union were pardoned �Former confederate states could hold conventions to set up new state governments �States had to cancel secession and ratify the 13 th amendment � Ending slavery �If these are completed then states could hold elections and reenter the nation

Black Codes- Created to Control Freed slaves �Nighttime curfews �Could be arrested and forced to work if they have no job �Had to sign farming contracts for at least 1 year �Could not buy land �No intermarrying between races

Radical Reconstruction � 1. southern states put under military rule � 2. states had to hold new constitutional conventions � 3. Freed slaves allowed to vote � 4. Southerners who had supported CSA not allowed to vote (temporality) � 5. Had to guarantee equal rights for freed slaves � 6. had to ratify 14 th amendment

Impeachment �Johnson was upset at the radical republicans �Fired Secretary of War Stanton because he was a radical republican � Violated Tenure in Office Act �Impeachment charges brought to Senate �Tried but did not impeach by 1 vote

Help for Freed Slaves �Many blacks remained in the South and sharecropped or tenant farmed �Both systems were designed to keep blacks working on white owned land Sharecropping: Tenant Farming: A family agreed to farm a portion of land in return to housing, tools, and a share of the crops A family paid rent to a land owner for land Share of profits decided between farmer and land owner. Owned the crops that grew Had to provide their own housing

Help for Freed slaves �Federal govt set up the Freedman’s Bureau �First federal relief agency in US �Provided clothes, medical attention, food, education, and land to freed slaves

Education and Church �African American set up churches � Only organization completely controlled by blacks �Became the center for social and political life �Schools were set up to educate kids and adults �Morehouse College was created to provide a path to higher education for blacks

African Americans in Politics �Thanks to their new rights and military rule, African Americans won many offices in the new state governments � 600 African Americans elected to political positions

White Resistance �Black codes had been outlawed by radical reconstruction �Whites took matters into their own hands �KKK and similar groups created

White Resistance �Goal was to terrorize blacks into submission �Used lynching, beatings, and threats to intimidate

End of Reconstruction �Ended after election of 1876 �African Americans lost most of their rights they had gained �Southerners had control again �Jim Crow laws created � Literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clause, segregation � hippocampus

Moving West

Railroads � The invention of railroads created new possibilities for the Western US. � 1862 Congress ordered the Transcontinental Railroad to be built � Irish and Chinese immigrants brought in to build it � Union Pacific and Central Pacific companies joined tracks in Utah with a gold spike in 1869

Moving West �Lots of people could move west easier because of the Railroad. �Large numbers of buffalo killed when building the railroad and for their hide �Plaines Indians could not survive- forced onto reservations

Indian Resistance �Many Indian tribes resisted reservations �Cheyenne, Nez Perce, and Sioux rose up and battled with US armyeventually lost in 1877 sent to reservation in S. Dakota

Battle of Wounded Knee � Sioux people created “ghost dance” hoping to bring back the buffalo � US army though Chief Sitting Bull was using the dance to start an uprising � US killed Sitting Bull and chased the Sioux to Wounded Knee creek � Killed over 150 old men, women and child (unarmed)

Changes In America

Rise of Big Business �Steel now affordable thanks to the Bessemer Process �Used steel to make the railroads, but then also to build sky scrapers �Railroads could carry the heavy steel all across the nation �This allowed business to grow

Giants of Big Business �Cornelius Vanderbilt- became the king of railroads �Andrew Carnegie ruled the steel industry �John D Rockefeller had a monopoly over oil – Standard Oil

�Trust- when several companies unite under one system � Using vertical integration �Monopoly- a market where there is only one supplier �“Pay nobody a profit”- John D. Rockefeller

Thomas Edison �Most impactful inventor of the time � Phonograph – recorded sound � Motion picture cameravideo � Electric light bulb � Electric company �How did the light bulb change the American way of life?

6. 4 -6. 5

Ø From 1892 -1924, Ellis Island was the chief immigration station in the United States. An estimated 17 million immigrants passed through. Ø 1882 -The Chinese Exclusion Act-Chinese were prohibited from legally immigrating to the U. S. Ø Immigrants from Asia �passed through Angel Island.

Stations at Ellis/ Angel Island �Physical exam- no admission for people who are obviously sick �Government Inspector- checked papers from previous nation- no felons �Proof of money

Concerns over Immigration �Nativism- people who were against immigration and who favored white protestant Americans. �Nativist were afraid of: � Ethnic Ghettos-cultural neighborhoods in cities � Loosing jobs to immigrants � New languages being spoken � New religions �Why? These immigrants were from Eastern Europe and China- very different than previous immigrants/Americans � Skin color, language, religion, culture

What is Cultural Pluralism? �http: //www. yardbarker. com/all_sports/articles/msn/t witter_got_crazy_and_ugly_in_response_to_coca_cola s_its_beautiful_super_bowl_commercial/15695198? cm pid=msn%3 Afoxsports%3 Aansfox 11

Living and Working Conditions �Low wages- children forced to work to help out � Endless cycle of poverty? �No benefits (minimum wage, insurance, SSI) �Dangerous working conditions � sweatshops

Living and Working Conditions �Urban slums created to house all the new immigrants � No sewer, water, multiple families per room � Tenements �Middle Class moved to suburbs � Electric trolleys allowed comminuting

Entertainment �People had down time after work and needed entertainment �Bars, dance halls, plays, amusement parks, movies, sports �Central park created in NYC

q -1921 -The Emergency Quota Act-To stop the tide of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, Congress passed a law limiting the number of legal immigrants to 3 percent of the number of each nationality in 1910.

American Federation of Labor �AFL was founded in 1886 to unite craft workers to be able to fight for wage increase and better conditions �Samuel Gompers lead members in “walk outs” until the company was willing to agree to their demands � Collective bargaining

Pullman Strike �Pullman company created a town around their rail road car factory in Illinois for workers to live � Workers depended on company for everything �Pullman cut wages but did not cut rent �Eugene V. Debs lead workers in a strike � Pullman workers around the country all participated �Federal Army sent to force workers back to work � Debs jailed for 6 months- 13 men killed �Demonstrated the government would support business not the people- WHY?