Stalins Soviet Union Russia p 440 Lenin died

Stalin’s Soviet Union (Russia) p. 440

Lenin died in 1924. • Communist Party leaders, including Josef Stalin, believed he would still be effective if put on display in a sealed glass sarcophagus, • in Red Square, Moscow.

Lenin’s Funeral

Lenin’s Tomb Today

Stalinism • Lenin planned for the proletariat to become the government, – Dictatorship of the ____ – proletariat • The Russian people would rule the country through the Communist Party • but Stalin would only allow one ruler, himself.

“Five-year Plans”. • EC: Stalin made goals that workers and leaders had to meet at the end of the time they were given (4) • Building heavy industry – Steel – Power plants • Hydroelectric dams • Improving transportation – Railroads – roads • Increasing farm output • Developing Resources – Coal – Petroleum “Let us fulfill the five-year plan!”

Command economy: • Government officials make all the economic decisions— (3) – What to make – Price – Who gets it

Work for the People • Stalin’s Five-year Plans were very demanding and had high quotas (number that had to be met). • What threats faced workers who failed to meet the quotas? • unsuccessful workers were arrested as traitors, – many were imprisoned, – some executed.

Work for the People • EC: Successful workers saw few of the rewards capitalist workers saw. • Instead of pay raises, some got other incentives: (6) – – – Promotions Management positions Fuel for winter Basic food Basic shelter Health care.

Collectives: • All farmers lost their lands that Lenin’s NEP gave them. • The state now told them what to grow • they made no money from their produce. • The government provided everything the farmers needed • Tractors • Seed • Fertilizer • Better methods

Kulaks: • Farmers who rebelled against collectivization. • They opposed Stalin by: (3) • Killed their animals • Destroyed their tools • Burned their crops

EC: Stalin dealt with the Kulaks strictly: he ordered …. (2) • their leaders executed. • many others arrested and taken to labor camps • Many peasants continued to resist. – Stalin ordered all their grain confiscated • 1932, saw the ______ take place. – “Terror Famine” » Five to eight million died in Ukraine, alone.

Gulag • System of labor camps where Soviet government sent prisoners. • Goal was to kill many through hard, pointless work, starvation, and illness. • Many Soviets cooperated with the government out of fear of arrest and going to a gulag.

EC: The government controlled all information and expression. (3) • No free press • News was approved or was written by government writers • No protest was allowed – Grumblers or critics were arrested and imprisoned or shot on the spot.

Great Purge: • Stalin feared opponents in his own party and government. – In 1934, he arrested Communist Party members and activists. – EC: He replaced them with new people he picked. (4) • • Military officers Industrial leaders Ordinary citizens Writers and artists

EC: Stalin’s purges succeeded in: (3) – Eliminating critics and challengers – Gaining total control of the entire nation – Making sure all individuals knew what would happen if they did not obey

EC: Stalin failed in that (2) • Many skilled and creative people were killed or driven out – Weakened invention and creativity • Weakened most of the military – Experienced officers killed • Replaced by politicos, not soldiers – Would be a serious weakness when Germany invades in 1941.

The Arts: • Socialist Realism: • Art that showed – Soviet life as good – that communism was the best answer to everyone’s future happiness and safety.

Painting, sculpture Young pioneers; future engineers WW II Memorial; Volgagrad (Stalingrad)

Painting, Celebrating hard farm work for the people Stalin and the Party Planners, Watched over by Lenin…. .

Painting Work hard for the people’s success! Communism rewards those who help it!

Architecture Central Train Station, Riga, Latvia Moscow State University Building

Russification: • Causing other cultures to adopt Russian culture. – The USSR was Russia (RSFSR) and 10 other ethnic states. • EC: Like the Czar, the Communist Party felt it necessary to force the ethnic minorities to act and communicate like Russians. (4) – – Local schools only taught Russian language and subjects Businesses and employees forced to use Russian language only Russians sent to rule and administrate the ethnic states Natives who “Russified” were awarded better job and social positions.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Atheism: • Belief that a god does not exist. • The Stalinist government believed that religion made people think less about the government. – EC: Communists made atheism the state policy: (7) • Priests arrested or killed in purges, sent to gulags • Religious people persecuted • Church land confiscated – Church buildings confiscated and turned into meeting halls, schools, theaters. • Teaching religion to children was outlawed – Punished as counterrevolutionary activity • Hebrew banned • Islam officially discouraged

EC: Women in the Soviet Union • Revolutionary heroines such as ____ (Lenin’s wife) and were role models. (2) • Nadezhda Krupskaya • Alexandra Kollontai • Women won social and legal equality (3) – Education – Wide variety of job opportunities • Medicine • Engineering • Science • Industrial • Agriculture – Equal pay

The Soviet Union and the World: • The USSR did not get along with the capitalist powers: (4) – – US, Britain, France, Japan • Lenin felt that he had to promote worldwide Communist revolution.

The Soviet Union and the World: • Comintern: • The Communist International, formed in 1919. Agents would promote global revolution by helping revolutionary groups in other countries. EC (7) – – – – China US Japan Italy Germany Britain France • They also encouraged colonial people to fight against their Imperialist masters.

image, 441 • Describe the effect of the Five-Year plans on steel and brown coal output. • The output for each more than quadrupled. (<400% increase)

Standards Check, p. 442: • How did Stalin take control of the Soviet Union’s economic life? • Stalin’s government took control of all businesses, distributed all resources, and made all basic economic decisions.

image, 442 • Describe the effect of Stalin’s ruthless policies on the production of oats, wheat and potatoes • Output of potatoes, wheat, and oats all fell between 1928 and 1932 • These are staple (needed and usually affordable to MOST people) foods.

Map Skills, 443 • Questions • 2 How does the map help explain why Russia was the most influential republic in the Soviet Union? • Russia was the largest republic – The capital, Moscow, was located there. • 3 What does the number of labor camps in the Soviet Union indicate about Stalin’s rule? • That Stalin needed the threat of labor camps to guarantee his dominance.

Standards Check, 443 • In what ways did Stalin’s terror tactics harm the Soviet Union? • The country lost many of its intellectual and military leaders.

Standards Check, 445 • How did Stalin use censorship and propaganda to support his rule? • Stalin used censorship and propaganda to glorify his work and stifle those who did not agree with him.

Image, 445 • How might the policy of destroying churches in such a public way have backfired on the party? • For the religious, it would encourage secret worship • They would also dislike the Communist Party

“Stalinism” was not what Karl Marx or Lenin prescribed. Marxism-Leninism Stalinism (3) • All citizens would be equal • All citizens would enjoy the best of the state • All citizens would be sincere Communists • Communist Party members and special heroes were more important than others • CP members and elites had the biggest homes, got cars, could travel to resorts, shop at special stores (no shortages) • Many CP members and elites used communism to promote themselves – CP members and elites had only one danger in their lives: Stalin’s purges.

Standard of Life under Stalin Benefits Drawbacks • • • Free education Technological and university education Educated workers State cultural and athletic events Best encouraged to join the CP Free health care Day care for pre-school children Inexpensive housing Basic foods plentiful • • Best schools for smartest, strongest “ “ “ New ideas were suspicious Education, atheism, glory of collectivism, and love of Stalin Most lives planned by state. Actually, this worked Often cramped apartments Except meat, fresh fruit, many vegetables.

Image , 446 • How does this photograph reflect the drawbacks of a centrally planned command economy? • The people in the photograph seem to be living in cramped conditions. – Indicates the failure of planning to meet people’s needs.

Standards Check, 446 • How did Communist schools benefit the state and the Communist party? • Schools taught communist values, but also gave more students opportunities for higher education and extracurricular programs.

Standards Check, 447 • How did the Soviet Union’s foreign policy goals contradict one another? • Aided revolutionary groups in other countries • Urged colonial people to rise up against imperialist powers

Quick Write • Did Stalin’s Soviet Union reflect the way Marx believed Communism should be run? Explain.

Stalinist Propaganda