STALIN 1879 1953 In office 1922 1953 JOSEPH

STALIN 1879 -1953 In office: 1922 -1953

JOSEPH STALIN l Changed name to Stalin = Man of Steel ¡ Why did he change his name? l 1928 in total control of Communist Party l Who was Leon Trotsky? Thank Comrade Stalin for this happy life.

l Who was Leon Trotsky? ¡ Stalin’s competitor ¡ He was forced into exile (in Mexico) l In 1940 Stalin’s agents killed him in Mexico with an ice pick.

Totalitarianism l A government that takes total control over EVERY aspect of public & private life. l Command Economy— the government make all economic decisions.

Problems for the USSR l Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR) ¡ 1921 decreasing industry ¡ Low agricultural output ¡ Ukrainian Famine

Ukrainian Famine ¡created by the government to crush Ukrainian nationalist ¡killed 5 million people!

l Russia was 50 -100 years behind industrialized countries (like Britain and Germany) and if the Soviet Union did not catch up they would be conquered!

What is the solution to all of these problems? l Stalin’s 5 Year Plan

l Turn to 137 in your Interactive Notebook and respond to the OBJECTIVES from this morning’s warm up!

Five Year Plans (1928 -32, 1933 -37) l 5 year plans ¡ High quotas to increase steel, coal, oil & electricity l l It worked, industrial output skyrocketed But government limited production of consumer goods to meet quotas • = Shortages in housing, food, clothing

Another solution…Collective Farming l USSR seized 25 million farms ¡Combined them into collective farms l 100 s of families were living in one large farm ¡No privacy, easier for government to control ¡ 5 -10 million died • Kulaks (wealthy peasants) resisted They were executed

Weapons of Totalitarianism 1. Police Terror ¡Secret police arrested & executed MILLIONS of so-called traitors ¡Gulags-Hard labor camps in Siberia

2. Great Purges ¡Eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power ¡Showed “Court Trials” to trick the public into thinking things were fair and necessary l. Killed 8 -13 millions people by 1939 • It is estimated that about 25 million were killed during Stalin’s rule!

More Weapons of Totalitarianism 3. Censorship & Propaganda ¡ Communist Newspaper ¡ Socialist Realism (art) l Artistic style that praised Soviet life & Communist Values

4. Religious Persecution ¡Religion was labeled the “opium of the masses” and banned l Stalin had statues erected of himself, he became like a god to the people ¡Churches=Museums of Atheism

l Discuss with your neighbor: Why were the Soviets unsuccessful in destroying religion all together?

Create a Venn Diagram like the on the wall

1. Lenin started the New ______ Policy to change the economy 2. Lenin was the leader of the _______ political party. The considered themselves Communists. 3. Lenin moved the capital of Russia to ______ 4. Lenin renamed Russia the _________, this stood for ___________ 5. Lenin and the Bolsheviks created a new communist symbol that had a ________ and a ______ on it. 6. Lenin promised these 3 things to his 7. people: ____________