STAGES OF REVOLUTION Adapted from Crane Brintons book

STAGES OF REVOLUTION Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution

REVOLUTION: A VIOLENT OVERTHROW OF A GOVERNMENT

PRELIMINARY (Incubation in the Fever Model) ÚClass antagonism –Economic upgrade, which does not reach the people ÚGovernment inefficiency –Inept ruler—Autocrat with absolute power

PRELIMINARY (Incubation) ÚPeople ask for change (justice) ÚAutocrat attempts to stop early protests with force (terror), which fails

PRELIMINARY (Incubation) ÚIntellectuals transfer their loyalty from government to the people

FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic) ÚFinancial breakdown ÚProtests against government increase dramatically

FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic) ÚModerates gain power relatively peacefully ÚRevolutionary underground (radicals) foment revolution

FIRST STAGE (Symptomatic) ÚMob psychology –Ignorant –Emotional –Now wants revenge

CRISIS STAGE ÚRadicals take control –Remove moderates ÚEnemies attempt to stop radicals: –Civil war –Foreign war

CRISIS STAGE ÚCentralization of power in a revolutionary council ÚCouncil dominated by a “strongman” ÚUse common term of address

CRISIS STAGE ÚTry to kill original autocrat ÚUse terror to rule

RECOVERY (Convalescence) ÚRevolution turns inward ÚRadicals removed –Some killed ÚCharismatic autocrat comes to power

RECOVERY (Convalescence) ÚAggressive nationalism ÚSlow, uneven return to quieter times ÚPeople trade freedom for security

FRENCH REVOLUTION

PRELIMINARY ÚClass antagonism –Heavy, increasing taxes on 3 rd Estate ÚGovernment inefficiency –Autocrat=Louis XVI –Ignored growing bourgeoisie

PRELIMINARY ÚPeople ask for change –Cahiers de Doleances ÚAutocrat’s failed attempts to stop early protests –National Assembly locked out of meeting place –Ordered NA not to meet

PRELIMINARY ÚIntellectuals transfer their loyalty –Philosophes –Enlightened public

FIRST STAGE ÚFinancial breakdown –Wheat famine –High bread prices ÚProtests against government –Storming of Bastille

FIRST STAGE ÚModerates –Estates-General –National Assembly –National Constitutional Convention

FIRST STAGE ÚRevolutionary underground –Jacobins

CRISIS STAGE ÚRadicals take control –Mobs in Paris took Convention

CRISIS STAGE ÚEnemies –Civil war • Louis XVI • Nobles/Emigres –Foreign war • Austria • England

CRISIS STAGE ÚRevolutionary council –Committee of Public Safety ÚStrongman –Robespierre ÚCommon term of address –Citizen

CRISIS STAGE ÚKill original autocrat –Women’s March on Versailles –Flight to Varennes –Louis XVI/Marie guillotined ÚUse terror to rule –Reign of Terror

RECOVERY ÚRevolution turns inward –Thermidorean Reaction –Danton/Robespierre killed ÚCharismatic autocrat –Directory –Napoleon

RECOVERY ÚAggressive nationalism –Napoleonic Wars ÚQuieter times –End of terror ÚTrade freedom for security –Empire

STAGES OF REVOLUTION Adapted from Crane Brinton’s book, The Anatomy of Revolution