STAGE LIGHTING Drama I MAIN PURPOSES OF STAGE

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STAGE LIGHTING Drama I

STAGE LIGHTING Drama I

MAIN PURPOSES OF STAGE LIGHTING To illuminate the actor(s) & the set(s) To establish

MAIN PURPOSES OF STAGE LIGHTING To illuminate the actor(s) & the set(s) To establish MOOD & setting To draw focus

THE HISTORY OF STAGE LIGHTING Greek: �Open-air, usually on a hillside �The afternoon sun

THE HISTORY OF STAGE LIGHTING Greek: �Open-air, usually on a hillside �The afternoon sun was behind the audience area �The afternoon sun illuminated the stage Roman: �Much like the Greek theatres, but audience area was covered with a colored awning which softened the sun’s glare

HTTP: //WWW. GREEKLANDSCAPES. COM/IMAGES/THEATERS/OROPOS_01. JPG Greek Theatre at Oropos

HTTP: //WWW. GREEKLANDSCAPES. COM/IMAGES/THEATERS/OROPOS_01. JPG Greek Theatre at Oropos

HTTP: //WWW. FLICKR. COM/PHOTOS/GAUISCAECILIUS/2201568207/ Roman Theatre at Jerash

HTTP: //WWW. FLICKR. COM/PHOTOS/GAUISCAECILIUS/2201568207/ Roman Theatre at Jerash

 Italy, circa 1500 s: �Patronage system brought private performances, pageants, tableaux and indoor

Italy, circa 1500 s: �Patronage system brought private performances, pageants, tableaux and indoor theatre. �Serlio – (Italian architect) suggested using candles & torches set behind glass bottles filled with amber and blue colored liquid �Palladio’s theatre used common sources of light: torches, open wicks, pine knots, tallow candles

HTTP: //WWW. ARTSALIVE. CA/EN/THF/HISTOIRE/CONCEPTEURS. HTML Serlio’s designs used light to create depth.

HTTP: //WWW. ARTSALIVE. CA/EN/THF/HISTOIRE/CONCEPTEURS. HTML Serlio’s designs used light to create depth.

 England: circa late 1500 s-1600 s �Shakespeare’s Old Globe Theatre was open-air, so

England: circa late 1500 s-1600 s �Shakespeare’s Old Globe Theatre was open-air, so natural light was used (candles & torches also, when necessary). �Blackfriar’s Theatre – winter home of Shakespeare’s theatre company. Indoor theatres like this used candles and torches to light the stage and the audience area.

HTTP: //CHICTRIB. IMAGE 2. TRB. COM/CHINEWS/MEDIA/PHOTO/2009 -03/45557833. JPG The Old Globe Theatre Rebuilt according

HTTP: //CHICTRIB. IMAGE 2. TRB. COM/CHINEWS/MEDIA/PHOTO/2009 -03/45557833. JPG The Old Globe Theatre Rebuilt according to the original plans and in operation today!

HTTP: //WWW. FLICKR. COM/PHOTOS/POORPLAYER/76358176/ Blackfriars Theatre

HTTP: //WWW. FLICKR. COM/PHOTOS/POORPLAYER/76358176/ Blackfriars Theatre

 Inigo Jones (English designer & architect) �Used reflectors to increase light sources �Oil

Inigo Jones (English designer & architect) �Used reflectors to increase light sources �Oil lamps & candles on front edge of stage, out of sight of audience �Tallow candles and lamps vertically mounted behind wings on the sides of the stage �Used candles on hoops & chandeliers up on pulleys �Gold decorations in theatre reflected the light

AHHHH!!! POOF! OR, THE DOWNSIDES OF CANDLES Candles were �Expensive �Hard to maintain Trimming

AHHHH!!! POOF! OR, THE DOWNSIDES OF CANDLES Candles were �Expensive �Hard to maintain Trimming the wicks during the show Blackouts – snuff out the candles quickly “Snuff boys” �Dangerous & unpredictable

 David Garrick �Drury Theatre, 1765 (London) �Footlights – candles masked with metal screens

David Garrick �Drury Theatre, 1765 (London) �Footlights – candles masked with metal screens along the front edge of the stage Richard Sheridan �Drury Theatre, 1784 �All stage lights now out of sight of audience �Hid lights behind wings and borders William Murdock �Scottish engineer �Gas lighting from coal – would replace candles

 Fredrick Winson � German � Lyceum Theatre, 1803 (London) � 1 st successful

Fredrick Winson � German � Lyceum Theatre, 1803 (London) � 1 st successful use of gas lighting on stage �All the equipment – valves and switches, are controlled in one central location, the “gas table”. This is the forerunner of the modern switchboard. “in the limelight” means to be famous, or the center of attention. It originates in this era, when the mineral lime was burned to create light for the stage.

HTTP: //THEATER- (The original was destroyed by fire in 1830. hmmmm) TICKET. CONCIERGEDESK. CO.

HTTP: //THEATER- (The original was destroyed by fire in 1830. hmmmm) TICKET. CONCIERGEDESK. CO. UK/LONDON_THEATRE_INFO/LYCEUM_THEATRE. HTML Lyceum Theatre, London

SPEAKING OF GAS…. . Advantages Disadvantages Brighter than oil lamps & candles Better control:

SPEAKING OF GAS…. . Advantages Disadvantages Brighter than oil lamps & candles Better control: valves at a central point increases & decreases of light � Variable speed of transitions Heat Smell/vapors Fire hazard � Hel-lo, � Smooth 1 st time: auditorium lights can be darkened open flame!! As a result, laws were created to establish guards, screens, glass chimneys

MODERN STAGE LIGHTING BEGINS! Thomas � 1879, Edison invents the first practical electric lamp

MODERN STAGE LIGHTING BEGINS! Thomas � 1879, Edison invents the first practical electric lamp �Bye bye gas! �Light is produced by heating a filament �Within one year, the Paris Opera is using the new electrical lighting system.

/ HTTP: //WWW. SCIENCEPROGRESS. ORG/2009/02/INNOVATION-NATIONAL-PROSPERITY Thomas Edison’s Electric Bulb The filament is the wire

/ HTTP: //WWW. SCIENCEPROGRESS. ORG/2009/02/INNOVATION-NATIONAL-PROSPERITY Thomas Edison’s Electric Bulb The filament is the wire inside the center of the glass bulb.

HTTP: //WWW. MARCELPROUST. IT/LUOGHI/PARIGI/OPERA. HTM The Paris Opera House Grand Entry Hey look, electric

HTTP: //WWW. MARCELPROUST. IT/LUOGHI/PARIGI/OPERA. HTM The Paris Opera House Grand Entry Hey look, electric lights!

(Note the chandelier and electric lights. ) MNS=4%26 ROWS=2%26 SORTING M= ODIFIEDTIMEASC%26 SEARCH=OPERA HTTP:

(Note the chandelier and electric lights. ) MNS=4%26 ROWS=2%26 SORTING M= ODIFIEDTIMEASC%26 SEARCH=OPERA HTTP: //RDS. YAHOO. COM/_YLT= A 0 S 020 QOLFXL 4 ZMAJXMJZBKF/SIG=14 P 3 SVA 4 B/ EXP=1274930984/* *HTTP%3 A//WWW. TOPFOTO. CO. UK/FOTOWEB G/RID. FWX%3 FPOSITION=1%26 ARCHIVE ID=5074%26 COLU Paris Opera House Interior

LIGHTING DESIGN

LIGHTING DESIGN

THE SCRIPT What is the feeling of the play? �What colors do you see?

THE SCRIPT What is the feeling of the play? �What colors do you see? �What music do you hear? �What emotions do you feel? �What are the rhythms and beats of the script? Ask about the budget. Stay within the budget Work with the director and other designers

LIGHT DESIGN In order to accomplish the 3 goals of lighting, we manipulate a

LIGHT DESIGN In order to accomplish the 3 goals of lighting, we manipulate a variety of factors. �BRIGHTNESS �COLOR �CHANGE RATE �DIRECTION

BRIGHTNESS Controlling the brightness focuses the audience’s attention. Darkness = secret action; action that

BRIGHTNESS Controlling the brightness focuses the audience’s attention. Darkness = secret action; action that is not meant to draw focus. Brightness Different = important action lamps will put out varying amounts of light….

BRIGHTNESS Types of lamps �Fresnel �Ellipsoidal/Leko �Par Can �Border, or Strip, light �Follow Spot

BRIGHTNESS Types of lamps �Fresnel �Ellipsoidal/Leko �Par Can �Border, or Strip, light �Follow Spot �Scoop �LED Lighting Barn doors, shutters – hinged metal flaps that narrow the light beam Dimmers – control the amount of power

FRESNELS “A Fresnel spot is a can with a lamp, a reflector, and a

FRESNELS “A Fresnel spot is a can with a lamp, a reflector, and a lens. The lamp and reflector move back and forth on a "sled. " The reflector is a "bowl" cut from a sphere, and the lens is a "plano convex" lens that has been specially shaped to save weight and reduce heat. Because of the shape of the reflector and lens, the light from a Fresnel is always soft edged. Fresnels will have some knob or crank or lever that moves the sled. Moving it will make the blob of light bigger or smaller. ” http: //www. theatre. ubc. ca/design/crslib 2/ltg 1. htm

HTTP: //LIBRARY. THINKQUEST. ORG/21722/ LIGHTING. HTML Fresnel • Used for general color washes •

HTTP: //LIBRARY. THINKQUEST. ORG/21722/ LIGHTING. HTML Fresnel • Used for general color washes • Soft-edged • Come beam in 3 sizes • Short-range light

HTTP: //WWW. THEATRE. UBC. CA/DESIGN/CRSLIB 2/LTG 1. HTM Fresnel Cutaway

HTTP: //WWW. THEATRE. UBC. CA/DESIGN/CRSLIB 2/LTG 1. HTM Fresnel Cutaway

PAR CAN “Parabolic reflector cans (most commonly called PAR cans, or simply cans) are

PAR CAN “Parabolic reflector cans (most commonly called PAR cans, or simply cans) are non-focusable instruments. PAR cans consist mainly of a metal cylinder with a sealed-beam parabolic reflector lamp at one end. These lamps are very similar to those used in many automobiles as headlights. The instrument throws an unfocused beam, the shape of which depends on what type of lamp is in the instrument… Theatrical applications of cans typically include washes and effects lighting. Color frames can be used with most cans by using the clips present on the front of the instrument. ” http: //www. theatre. ubc. ca/design/crslib 2/ltg 1. htm

Par Cans • Unfocused beam • Like a headlight Add color frames to the

Par Cans • Unfocused beam • Like a headlight Add color frames to the front • Washes & effects • Easiest to work with

ELLIPSOIDALS/LEKOS “Ellipsoidal reflector spotlights (often called ERSs, or Lekos, …) are among the most

ELLIPSOIDALS/LEKOS “Ellipsoidal reflector spotlights (often called ERSs, or Lekos, …) are among the most complex non-automated lights found in a theatrical lighting setup. Ellipsoidals consist of an incandescent lamp, an elliptical reflector, and one or two planoconvex lenses. Most employ four shutters that allow the spill of light to be controlled. Ellipsoidals typically have provisions for color frames and gobo projection. Typical uses of ellipsoidals are: acting area lighting, specials, back or side lighting, and pattern projection …. ” http: //www. theatre. ubc. ca/design/crslib 2/ltg 1. htm

Ellipsoidals/ Lekos • Sharp beam • Longer range • Can be focused & shaped

Ellipsoidals/ Lekos • Sharp beam • Longer range • Can be focused & shaped – hard or soft edge • Use with GOBOS • Use for: acting area lighting, specials, sidelighting, backlighting • Most versatile & popular stage light

Cutaway HTTP: //WWW. THEATRE. UBC. CA/DESIGN/CRSLIB 2/LTG 1. HTM Ellipsoidal

Cutaway HTTP: //WWW. THEATRE. UBC. CA/DESIGN/CRSLIB 2/LTG 1. HTM Ellipsoidal

GOBOS • Patterns cut of metal plates • Fit into the pattern holder slot

GOBOS • Patterns cut of metal plates • Fit into the pattern holder slot of the Leko (aka ellipsoidal) • Project onto the stage floor, set, cyc, etc.

HTTP: //WWW. LE-US. COM/BORDERLIGHTS. HTML Border/ Strip Lights • General washes of color •

HTTP: //WWW. LE-US. COM/BORDERLIGHTS. HTML Border/ Strip Lights • General washes of color • Mount behind wings/borders • Can’t be focused • Permanent alternating colored glass lenses (often)

Follow Spots • Specials • Long-range light • Manually operated from the catwalk or

Follow Spots • Specials • Long-range light • Manually operated from the catwalk or the back of the house • Gives the actor mobility

Scoops • General wash of light • Cannot be focused • Can be fitted

Scoops • General wash of light • Cannot be focused • Can be fitted with colored gels • Great for lighting a large space with only a few lights

LED LIGHTING Light Emitting Diode Used extensively in concert lighting Par cans and strip

LED LIGHTING Light Emitting Diode Used extensively in concert lighting Par cans and strip lighting can utilize LED sources, but it can be used to replace any conventional lighting fixture except ellipsoidals LED is used a lot with “moving head” lighting systems Often used to light the cyc, & for side and back lighting Combines red, blue, and green light to create different light colors Advantage: low heat output Disadvantages: can’t create a hard-edged beam; costly

You. Tube - Nine Inch Nails - The Making Of HTTP: //WWW. MODERNSTAGESERVICE. IN/GALLERY.

You. Tube - Nine Inch Nails - The Making Of HTTP: //WWW. MODERNSTAGESERVICE. IN/GALLERY. PHP? CID=19 LED Lighting

LIGHTING SAFETY http: //www. saskschools. ca/curr_content/theatre_arts_20/mod 3 st agelighting/activities/03401 safety. htm

LIGHTING SAFETY http: //www. saskschools. ca/curr_content/theatre_arts_20/mod 3 st agelighting/activities/03401 safety. htm

COLOR Establishes setting/time & mood Creates texture Cool colors: blue, green Warm colors: red/amber,

COLOR Establishes setting/time & mood Creates texture Cool colors: blue, green Warm colors: red/amber, yellow Mc. Candless Method � Stanley Mc. Candless - architect, later a theatre lighting designer � One light from the top left, one on the top right, both at 45° angles, at least 90° apart � combine a cool gel on one light & a warm gel on the other to create a neutral light � Lights the actor, and also “sculpts” their features � The most basic and common way to light the stage

BASIC COLOR TIPS Test the color by holding it in front of a light

BASIC COLOR TIPS Test the color by holding it in front of a light source against the fabric or skin. “Use less saturated colors for actor's faces. Each skin tone is unique and may respond differently to a particular color. What looks terrific on one person will not necessarily serve every other performer in the piece. Be prepared to make adjustments. More saturated tones can be used to sidelight and backlight actors. Save the strongest colors for lighting the scenery. ” http: //www. limelightproductions. com/educational/color_and_light. ht ml

HTTP: //WWW. TERRALEC. CO. UK/STAGE_LIGHTING/112_0 C. HTML Gels • Colored films that are placed

HTTP: //WWW. TERRALEC. CO. UK/STAGE_LIGHTING/112_0 C. HTML Gels • Colored films that are placed in holders in the front of the lamp • Used to be made of gelatin; hence the name “gels”. • Swatch books of colors available from each company

DIRECTION/ANGLES Front lighting – often made using a follow spot; flattens features/set Top lighting

DIRECTION/ANGLES Front lighting – often made using a follow spot; flattens features/set Top lighting – light, especially directly above, will exaggerate shadows & can age the actor Back lighting – highlights shoulders and hair; stand out from the background; special effect Side lighting - can create a shadow on one side of the face/set; shows direction of light; special effect Up lighting – from footlights or cans; spooky, ghoulish effect Mc. Candless Method: combine top lighting & side lighting advantages with color to make a flattering, neutral light on the actor/set.

LIGHTING - ANGLES Front Lighting Mc. Candless Method http%3 a%2 f%2 fwww. roctronics. com%2

LIGHTING - ANGLES Front Lighting Mc. Candless Method http%3 a%2 f%2 fwww. roctronics. com%2 fslbsics. html

Backlighting Up Lighting TRY SOME OF THESE ANGLES YOURSELF WITH A SET OF FLASHLIGHTS!

Backlighting Up Lighting TRY SOME OF THESE ANGLES YOURSELF WITH A SET OF FLASHLIGHTS!

AND NOW, A BRIEF BREAK FOR A PROFESSIONAL SHOW…. Lighting Design Powerpoint – CSULB

AND NOW, A BRIEF BREAK FOR A PROFESSIONAL SHOW…. Lighting Design Powerpoint – CSULB TH 148 Graduate Lighting Design, Dr. Jacques View Slides 316 – 330 Entire Show can be downloaded & viewed at https: //webmail. svusd. org/owa/redir. aspx? C=bc 38129197974 f 68 a 5 d 3 cad 48 e 606 f 37&URL=http%3 a%2 f%2 fwww. csulb. edu%2 f%7 edj acques%2 fpage_powerpoint_presentations. htm

BASIC DESIGN STEPS READ THE SCRIPT!!! – Note setting(s), mood, beats, char. Obtain a

BASIC DESIGN STEPS READ THE SCRIPT!!! – Note setting(s), mood, beats, char. Obtain a floorplan of the set – Set Designer Determine the main acting areas - Director Draw a large circle on the floorplan for each acting area For each large circle area, determine how you will fill that space with light. � Instruments � Gels for color Determine any other special acting areas that are impt. to the director – Director For each special area, determine how you will light that space, &/or the actor(s) in it

SO, WHAT INSTRUMENT DO I USE? ? ? General washes: � Fresnels � Par

SO, WHAT INSTRUMENT DO I USE? ? ? General washes: � Fresnels � Par cans � Scoops Special lights: � Spotlights � Ellipsoidals/Lekos � Footlights � Border lights � Par cans