SSWH 18 Demonstrate an understanding of the global

SSWH 18 Demonstrate an understanding of the global political, economic, and social impact of WWII

Causes of WWII l Long Term Causes: • Treaty of Versailles- Germans saw as unfair • Reparations • War-Guilt Clause • Military Restrictions • Loss of Territory • Loss of Colonies • Great Depression

Aggression leading to WWII l l 1931: Japan attacked and conquered Manchuria 1937: Japan invaded China • Rape of Nanjing • Japanese troops invaded the former capital city in December of 1937 • Chinese citizens were tortured over the next 6 weeks • 300, 000 people were killed.

Aggression leading to WWII l Mussolini attacks and conquers Ethiopia (1935) • League of Nations does nothing to stop either of these attacks

Aggression leading to WWII l Hitler wants 3 rd Reich (3 rd Ger. Empire) • Begins testing the Treaty of Versailles • Begins militarizing (1933) • Sends troops into Rhineland (area b/t France & Germany) (1936) • Takes over Austria (1938) • League of Nations again does nothing

Spanish Civil War l l 1931: King was forced to abdicate Two opposing sides formed to try to take power: • Conservatives • Wanted a Fascist government • Led by military general Francisco Franco • Supported by Hitler and Mussolini • Loyalists • Wanted a democratic government • Supported by Soviet Union

Spanish Civil War l Both sides used this conflict to commit horrible atrocities • >500, 000 people were killed l l Germany tested out new war machinery 1939: Franco won & established a totalitarian dictatorship that lasted until 1975.

German Aggression Continues l Sudetenland l Munich Conference (1938) • Area of Czechoslovakia that Hitler invaded (1938) • Ger, It, Fr, & GB meet • Appeasement • Agree to allow Hitler to keep territory to keep peace • Hitler promised not to take over any more territory

Immediate Causes l Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact l l Aug 1939, Nazis and Soviet sign secret Non-Aggression Pact splitting Poland German invasion of Poland Sept. 1, 1939 • Blitzkrieg • “Lightning war” • 3 -staged invasion tactics (bombs, artillery, infantry) • Britain & France declare war of Germany Sept. 3, 1939

WWII l 1939 -1945

European Theater l l l Land-based fighting Large-scale bombing German soldiers tended to surrender when defeat was apparent.

War in Europe l France • Paris conquered • by the Germans June 14, 1940. Armistice

Battle of Britain l Germany attempted to invade Britain beginning in June 1940 Stage 1 Blitzkrieg l British won! l https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. JUNHg 11 d. Rc l • Luftwaffe vs. RAF • 57 consecutive days/nights

Stalingrad l Operation Barbarossa • Hitler’s plan for conquering USSR • June 22, 1941 l Lebensraum, oil reserves, wheat fields Scorched-earth policy Winter! Nazis forced to retreat in Dec. ’ 43 Turning point in the war in Europe l https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z 4 Ku. IVn. GRFk l l

El-Alamein l l Series of two battles in July 1942 and Oct. 1942 Took place in Egypt Axis powers had controlled Northern Africa under leadership of German General Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”) Allies took over much of N. Africa • Germany surrendered this area in May 1943 • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r. Vl. MEAb. AZp. M

Tehran Conference l l Held in Iran in 1943 between Allied leaders (Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin) Began making plans to invade Nazioccupied Europe • Stalin agreed to help with this if the US & GB agreed to give the USSR territory in Eastern Europe

D-Day l l l June 6, 1944 Allied invasion of France General Patton • Allied commander who liberated Paris August • 25, 1944. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_jp 7 y. Rjpjo

Pacific Theater l l l Sea-based fighting Island hopping Japanese soldiers would fight to the death • Kamikaze Pilots

War in the Pacific l Japan’s “New Order” • “Asia is for Asians” • Wanted Westerners out of Asia • US declared they would do whatever it took to protect our colonies in the Philippines • Tripartite Pact • Sept. 27, 1940 • Official Alliance between Germany, Italy and Japan

Pearl Harbor l Japan thought that war with the US was inevitable so they planned a surprise attack. Dec. 7, 1941 The US enters the war the next day l https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=TX 4 s. TBJ 0 tv. A l l

Guadalcanal l l August 7, 1942 Fought on the Solomon Islands near Australia Took US 6 months to take the island from Japan Allied victory allowed Australia to be protected & a safe sea route between US & Australia https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=G 3 y. Kpy. Zu 7 w. Y

Philippines l l June 19 -20, 1944 Naval battle for control of the Philippine Islands Allied victory that helped to destroy Japanese planes https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=u 5 l 6 HEk. Kdj. Y

The Holocaust l Anti-Semitism l Hitler blamed Germany’s defeat in WWI on Jews l Slowly Isolated Jews from the rest of society • Hatred of Jews • Had been present in Europe for a long time • Anti-Semitism • Ghettos

The Holocaust l Wannsee Conference l Impact • January 20, 1942 • The Final Solution • Genocide • Death of over 6 million Jews and over 6 million others

Yalta Conference l l l Meeting of Allied leaders in in February 1945 in the Soviet Union Differing Agendas regarding what to do with Eastern Europe after the war • Stalin wanted control • Churchill & Roosevelt wanted self-determination Compromise? • • Soviet Union agreed to help fight Japan Germany would be divided into 4 zones (Fr, US, GB, USSR) Stalin agreed to hold free elections in Eastern Europe USSR would be given back land lost to Germany & Japan

End of War in Europe l l As the Allies gained momentum, Mussolini lost popularity April 28, 1945 • Mussolini was captured by anti-Facists in Italy and later executed.

V-E Day l Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945 as Russian and American troops marched into Berlin. May 7, 1945 l May 8, 1945 l • Germany surrendered • Celebration of Victory in Europe Day

Potsdam Conference l l Continuation of the Yalta Conf. held after surrender of Germany Truman was now President Purpose • Negotiate terms for the end of WWII, particularly Germany’s punishment • Demilitarization & disarmament of Germany • Nuremburg Trials • 22 Nazi leaders charged with “crimes against humanity” • Determine post-war plans for Japan

End of War in Pacific l July 1945: Ultimatum President Truman l Hiroshima l Nagasaki l • Manhattan Project • August 6, 1945 • August 9, 1945

V-J Day l August 15, 1945 l Sept. 2, 1945 • Japan surrendered • Surrender documents signed officially ending • the war. Victory over Japan Day

Cost of War l l Germany- 3 million combat deaths (3/4 on the eastern front) Japan – >1. 5 combat deaths; 900, 000 civilians dead Soviet Union - 13 million combat deaths U. S. – 300, 000 combat deaths, >100, 000 other deaths

United Nations l l Delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco in 1945 to create UN Organization • General Assembly • Delegates from all member nations • Decides admission of new members, budgetary matters, refugee concerns, economic development of nations, prevention of disease • Security Council • 15 members total • • 5 permanent (US, USSR (Russia), Great Britain, France, China) 10 rotate every 2 years