SSUSH 5 The student will explain specific events

SSUSH 5 The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution. e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton).

George Washington • In 1789, Washington was chosen to be the first President of the new government. • Two of key members of Washington’s cabinet were Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton.

The Whiskey Rebellion • In 1791, Congress imposed a direct tax on the manufacture of whiskey. • Western farmers, the main manufactures of whiskey, rebelled against the tax. • Washington orders troops to put down the rebellion. • The rebels disperse without fighting, ending the rebellion. What message did the new government send by ordering troops to put down the rebellion?

Formation of political parties • During Washington’s 1 st term in office Congress began to split into factions caused by Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton’s financial programs. • Supporters of Hamilton’s programs were called Federalist, while opponents were called Democratic-Republicans, or Republicans (not to be confused with today’s Republican Party).

• During the French Revolution, France declared war on England: the United States was divided over who to support. • In 1793, Washington declared that the US would be “friendly and impartial” towards both countries. The British however, began seizing American ships headed to French ports. Washington’s Foreign Policy

Washington’s Foreign Policy Jay’s Treaty: John Jay was sent to Britain to negotiate a settlement in order to avoid war. The treaty helped prevent war between the US and Britain, but did little to ease tension between the two countries. Pinckney’s Treaty: The US negotiated with Spain to allow it free access to the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans.

George Washington • Washington leaves office after his 2 nd term-he warns against political parties and foreign alliances. • Federalist John Adams is elected the 2 nd President of the U. S.

John Adams • Upset with Jay’s Treaty, the French began seizing U. S. ships causing an undeclared navel war between France and the U. S. • Negotiations between the two countries ended the hostilities in 1800.

John Adams The Alien and Sedition Acts: - passed in 1798, the Acts were aimed at weakening the Republican Party. - put voting restrictions on immigrants who tended to vote Republican. - made it illegal to criticize the government, making it difficult for the Republicans to speak out against the Federalist.

John Adams The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: -Written in secret by Jefferson and Madison, the Resolutions argued the states had the right to protect the people from unjust federal laws.

John Adams • John Adams lost the election of 1800 to Thomas Jefferson in large part because many people were angered over the Alien and Sedition Acts. • Though the Federalist controlled the army, the presidency, and Congress, they allowed power to peacefully transfer to the Republicans.