SSSF Analysis of Devices Used in Power Generation

SSSF Analysis of Devices Used in Power Generation - 1 P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Sources of Work for Manufacturing Industry …. .

Thermal Structure of Power Generation System

Options for Power Plants • Shaft Power Generation Systems

The first Step in Innovation of A Power Plant t n a t s n o c = p p=constant Rankine Cycle Process 1 2 Process 2 3 Process 3 4 Process 4 1 Brayton Cycle Adiabatic compression Constant pressure heat addition Isentropic expansion Adiabatic Pressure heat rejection

Schematic of Rankine & Brayton cycles

Rankine Cycle for Low Cost Power Generation

Rankine Cycle for Nuclear Power Plant

Rankine Cycle for Geothermal Power Plant

Ranking Cycle for Solar Thermal Power Plant

Ranking Cycle for Biomass Thermal Power Plant

Selection of Fluids : Thermodynamics • The selection of working fluids and operational variables is very important to obtain better system performance. • The thermodynamic properties of working fluids will affect the system efficiency, operation, and environmental impact. • Fluid must be selected in accordance to the temperature level of the heat source. • Minimum temperature difference between the source and working fluid during heat addition (pinch point) is limiting factor for heat transfer

Candidate Working Substances for Rankine Cycle Working Substances must be selected in accordance to the heat source temperature level (Tcr < Tin-source)

Selection of Fluids : Ecology • Environmental impacts and restrictions by using organic substances • Inflamable and/or toxic and/or GWP (Global Warming Potential) and/or ODP • (Ozone Depletion Potential)

Rankine Power Plant: A series of CVs in SSSF

List of CVs • • • Main components of the above cycle are: 1) Pump – Generate high Pressure water. 2) Boiler (steam generator) – heat exchanger 3) Turbine – generates mechanical power 4) Condenser – heat exchanger Others components include: – nozzles, diffusers, throttling devices Each one of these CVs carryout a specific process continuously at almost SSSF. However, The plant operates in a Cycle.

Pump : Adiabatic Process 1 2 SSSF: Conservation of mass First Law : No heat transfer, change in kinetic and potential energies are negligible

For SSSF Process: Liquids are incompressible, change in volume per unit change in Pressure is negligible.

Pumping of Incompressible Fluids Adiabatic pumping of a liquid is almost an Isothermal process!!