SSADM Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method Hazrlayan

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SSADM – Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method Hazırlayan Yard. Doç. Dr. Zehra KAMIŞLI

SSADM – Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method Hazırlayan Yard. Doç. Dr. Zehra KAMIŞLI ÖZTÜRK

SSADM (Structured System Analysis & Design Methodology - SSADM) basic principles 1. top down

SSADM (Structured System Analysis & Design Methodology - SSADM) basic principles 1. top down functional decomposition analyze level Break down functional complex system into chunks ü Ignore the small details until it engages the key features of the system Lower levels of the system are considered in detail, later on

SSADM 2. Requirement of explanation physical aspects of the current system physical perspectives of

SSADM 2. Requirement of explanation physical aspects of the current system physical perspectives of the current system Logical point of view • how things are currently done and who does them? • what is currently done or? • This completes the analysis phase, and then it’s on to design • What the new system should do? Who and how will do?

SSADM 2. Requirement of explanation

SSADM 2. Requirement of explanation

SSADM 3. SSADM requires users to get involved from the start The analyst must

SSADM 3. SSADM requires users to get involved from the start The analyst must meet the users regularly to sort out problems and check understanding. SSADM, would involve users from the beginning Stay happy in the new system

SSADM 4. effective use of diagrams i. Forming detailed logical data structure ii. Establishing

SSADM 4. effective use of diagrams i. Forming detailed logical data structure ii. Establishing multipart data structure multipart iii. Creating data dictionary Ø like a map of the system

SSADM 5. SSADM allows the analyst to see the system from different views check

SSADM 5. SSADM allows the analyst to see the system from different views check to see if the different views match up Cross-checking

 • • • 1980’lerin başında kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. SSADM, genellikle devlet bilgisayar projeleri için

• • • 1980’lerin başında kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. SSADM, genellikle devlet bilgisayar projeleri için bir gereklilik olarak belirtilen İngiltere'de yaygın olarak kullanılan bir bilgisayar uygulama geliştirme yöntemidir. Giderek Avrupa'da kamu sektörü tarafından kabul edilmiştir. SSADM kamu malıdır ve İngiliz Standardı BS 7738 ile belirtilir. 6. SSADM is an industry standard • It has been used science early 1980’s. • SSADM, is a widely-used computer application development method in the UK, where its use is often specified as a requirement for government computing projects. • It is increasingly being adopted by the public sector in Europe. • SSADM is in the public domain, and is formally specified in British Standard BS 7738.

SSADM's objectives are to: • Improve project management & control • Make more effective

SSADM's objectives are to: • Improve project management & control • Make more effective use of experienced and inexperienced developmentstaff • Develop better quality systems • Make projects resilient to the loss of staff • Enable projects to be supported by computer-based tools such as computer-aided software engineering systems • Establish a framework for good communications between participants in a project

The structure of SSADM

The structure of SSADM

SSADM Stage 0. Feasibility Technical – is the project technically possible? Financial – can

SSADM Stage 0. Feasibility Technical – is the project technically possible? Financial – can the business afford to carry out the project? Organizational – will the new system be compatible with existing practices? Ethical – is the impact of the new system socially acceptable?

Stage 1 – Investigation of the current environment • Through a combination of interviewing

Stage 1 – Investigation of the current environment • Through a combination of interviewing employees, circulating questionnaires, observations and existing documentation, the analyst comes to full understanding of the system as it is at the start of the project.

Stage 2 – Business system options • the degree of automation • the boundary

Stage 2 – Business system options • the degree of automation • the boundary between the system and the users • the distribution of the system, for example, is it centralized to one office or spread out across several? • cost/benefit • impact of the new system

Stage 3 – Requirements specification • To produce the logical specification, the analyst builds

Stage 3 – Requirements specification • To produce the logical specification, the analyst builds the required logical models for both the dataflow diagrams (DFDs) and the Logical Data Model(LDM), consisting of the Logical Data Structure (referred to in other methods as entity relationship diagrams) and full descriptions of the data and its relationships.

Stage 4 – Technical system options the hardware architectures the software to use the

Stage 4 – Technical system options the hardware architectures the software to use the cost of the implementation the staffing required the physical limitations such as a space occupied by the system • the distribution including any networks which that may require • the overall format of the human computer interface • • •

Stage 5 – Logical design • the outputs of this stage are implementationindependent and

Stage 5 – Logical design • the outputs of this stage are implementationindependent and concentrate on the requirements for the human computer interface.

Stage 6 – Physical design • This is the final stage where all the

Stage 6 – Physical design • This is the final stage where all the logical specifications of the system are converted to descriptions of the system in terms of real hardware and software.

The Case Studies Swillbuckets Country Club

The Case Studies Swillbuckets Country Club

Swillbuckets Country Club • Tasks: – Reservation of artists – New memberships – Preparing

Swillbuckets Country Club • Tasks: – Reservation of artists – New memberships – Preparing receipts to artists – Promotion of future events – chasing memberships – Nice meat dishes! reward the Chief !!

Swillbuckets Country Club • Card-based data storage system – Users and artists – 2

Swillbuckets Country Club • Card-based data storage system – Users and artists – 2 -3 shoeboxes – Not an Adequate storage system !! – There isn’t an option to open a new box and / or information system – Subscription fees of the members - assistant: Amanda

Definition of the problem • Amanda is not patient !! • She wants from

Definition of the problem • Amanda is not patient !! • She wants from Jack the list of members who have delayed payments I want the list (2 weeks ago) • Is it possible for Jack to remove the list from the box? ?

Definition of problem -2 • changing customer records • Creation of Monthly "future events"

Definition of problem -2 • changing customer records • Creation of Monthly "future events" list • announce these events to the local press

Definition of problem- Food Service • They have a well-planned food range • Meat,

Definition of problem- Food Service • They have a well-planned food range • Meat, especially organ meats, expert • Several suppliers – Reliable? • Payments are made in cash • Unknown instant stock records unknown – It remains a difficult situation while cooking for chef • Last-minute changes in menus

Problem background • Appointments: chaotic, with double bookings, no room for urgent cases, and

Problem background • Appointments: chaotic, with double bookings, no room for urgent cases, and changes not made. A foolproof system of appointments is the top priority for the Centre. • Patient processing: the filing of records is haphazard. They can go missing, or be misfiled. With such a high turnover of patients, the records are not always maintained accurately. Much information is duplicated and often disparities appear. The doctors require a way of viewing patient records without having to keep going backwards and forwards to see Betty and George. Prescriptions are normally illegible, which results in Heather in the chemists having to pop in regularly to have them decrypted.

Problem background management information: the GPC requires regular information about the hours doctors have

Problem background management information: the GPC requires regular information about the hours doctors have worked, new patients, supplies used etc. Currently, Nurse Payne attempts to produce these, but mathematics is not her strong point. The staff time sheets are a mess and staff often get paid for hours they haven’t worked. The accountant is not happy about this. Neither is the GPC. The GPC also needs regular updates on currently enrolled patients. It is the responsibility of the receptionists to record when patients leave and keep a list of patients for each doctor. However, the University does not tell them when a student withdraws, and patients rarely think to inform them when they move away.

Problem background The only information it gets is from the GPC when it issues

Problem background The only information it gets is from the GPC when it issues a new Medical Card for another practice, or from the Registrar of Deaths. Betty gets quite queasy when she has to tear up someone’s medical records and throw them in the bin. The Prescription Monitoring Agency also requires information about what prescriptions have been issued so that it can compare different practices and see who is out of line. It sends a report every six months to the Centre. This is shredded and used as a home for the hamster. The accountant requires regular financial information about outgoings. This is the bane of Nurse Payne’s life. A proper accounting system is required.

Ordering supplies: on a more mundane note, Nurse Payne has no information about potential

Ordering supplies: on a more mundane note, Nurse Payne has no information about potential suppliers, other than the catalogues she keeps under her desk. She may be paying too much for bandages etc. She is keen to find out more about some recycled Crimean War bandages that her friend, Nurse Blunt mentioned to her.

Registration: it has been known for the receptionists to take down details wrongly (e.

Registration: it has been known for the receptionists to take down details wrongly (e. g. ‘blood group’), or to omit key words such as ‘haemophiliac’. These typing errors have had unnerving results. Also, George and Betty have had problems trying to determine who is eligible to join the practice. A street map with felt tip lines on it has proven to be a less than adequate tool. Ideally, they want to be able to say instantantly if a postcode is within their catchment area.

Staff • 4 doctors - every doctor has his/her own patient list • Patients

Staff • 4 doctors - every doctor has his/her own patient list • Patients can go another physician • 1 nurse: prescription writing & ordering injection & syringe - plastic and so on. • 2 receptionist & 1 trainee receptionist: – patient tails and appointments

Summary of the problems • Appointments – Complex, dual enrollment, no emergency rooms •

Summary of the problems • Appointments – Complex, dual enrollment, no emergency rooms • Patient process – Random records, not updated records – Doctors do not know the patient case history • Prescriptions are illegible: influence of pharmacist

Summary of the problems • Management information • Regular information requested by the GPC

Summary of the problems • Management information • Regular information requested by the GPC • working hours of doctors • New patient • Suppliers. . . • Charts inadequate. accounting & GPC : ( • GPC new records • An appropriate accounting system

 • suppliers Do Nurses know potential suppliers ? ? • There may be

• suppliers Do Nurses know potential suppliers ? ? • There may be more money to bandage !! • Register – Receptionist missing records (major diseases) or take the wrong record • Haşimato / 0 rh positive