SQL Functions SingleRow Functions MultipleRow Functions Character Functions

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 ﺃﻨﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ SQL Functions Single-Row Functions Multiple-Row Functions

ﺃﻨﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ SQL Functions Single-Row Functions Multiple-Row Functions

 ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻓﻴﺔ Character Functions Examples ﺍﻟﻤﺜـــــﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠــــﺔ SELECT LOWER(‘GOOD by’) FROM

ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻓﻴﺔ Character Functions Examples ﺍﻟﻤﺜـــــﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠــــﺔ SELECT LOWER(‘GOOD by’) FROM dual; good by SELECT UPPER(‘GOOD by’) FROM dual; GOOD BY SELECT INITCAP(‘GOOD by’) FROM dual; Good SELECT CONCAT(‘GOOD’ , ‘ BY’) FROM dual; GOODBY SELECT SUBSTR(‘GOOD BY’, 2, 3) FROM dual; OOD SELECT LENGTH(‘GOOD’) FROM dual; 4 SELECT INSTR(‘GOOD’, ’D’) FROM dual; 4 SELECT LPAD(‘AHMED’, 10, ’*’)FROM dual; ****AHMED SELECT LPAD(‘AHMED’, 10, ’*’)FROM dual; AHMED***** SELECT TRIM(‘S’ FROM ‘SAMI’) FROM dual; AMI

Example 1 SQL>SELECT LOWER(ename), UPPER(job), INITCAP(job), CONCAT(ename, job) FROM emp WHERE sal =3000; LOWER(ENAME)

Example 1 SQL>SELECT LOWER(ename), UPPER(job), INITCAP(job), CONCAT(ename, job) FROM emp WHERE sal =3000; LOWER(ENAME) UPPER(JOB) INITCAP(JOB) CONCAT(ENAME, JOB) scott ford Analyst SCOTTANALYST FORDANALYST

Example 2 SQL>SELECT ename, SUBSTR(ename, 2, 3), LENGTH(ename), INSTR(ename, ’K’) FROM emp WHERE LOWER(job)=‘manager’;

Example 2 SQL>SELECT ename, SUBSTR(ename, 2, 3), LENGTH(ename), INSTR(ename, ’K’) FROM emp WHERE LOWER(job)=‘manager’; ENAME SUBSTR(ENAME, 2, 3) LENGTH(ENAME) INSTR(ENAME, ’K’) JONES BLAKE CLARK ONE LAK LAR 0 4 5 5

Example 3 SQL>SELECT ename, TRIM(‘S’ FROM ename), LPAD(ename, 10, ’*’), RPAD(ename, 10, ’#’) FROM

Example 3 SQL>SELECT ename, TRIM(‘S’ FROM ename), LPAD(ename, 10, ’*’), RPAD(ename, 10, ’#’) FROM emp WHERE sal>2500; ENAME TRIM(‘S’ FROM ENAME) LPAD(ENAME, 10, ’*’) RPAD(ENAME, 10, ’*’) JONES BLAKE SCOTT KING FORD JONE BLAKE COTT KING FORD *****JONES *****BLAKE *****SCOTT ******KING ******FORD JONES##### BLAKE##### SCOTT##### KING###### FORD######

Example 4 SQL>SELECT ROUND(45. 923, 0), ROUND(45. 923, 2), ROUND(45. 923, -1), ROUND(45. 923,

Example 4 SQL>SELECT ROUND(45. 923, 0), ROUND(45. 923, 2), ROUND(45. 923, -1), ROUND(45. 923, -2) FROM dual; ROUND(45. 923, 0) ROUND(45. 923, 2) ROUND(45. 923, -1) ROUND(45. 923, -2) 46 0 45. 92 50

Example 5 SQL>SELECT TRUNC(45. 923, 0), TRUNC(45. 923, 2), TRUNC(45. 923, -1), TRUNC(45. 923,

Example 5 SQL>SELECT TRUNC(45. 923, 0), TRUNC(45. 923, 2), TRUNC(45. 923, -1), TRUNC(45. 923, -2) FROM dual; TRUNC(45. 923, 0) TRUNC(45. 923, 2) TRUNC(45. 923, -1) TRUNC(45. 923, -2) 45 45. 92 40 0

Example 6 SQL>SELECT ename, sal, comm, MOD(sal, comm) FROM emp WHERE sal=1600; ENAME SAL

Example 6 SQL>SELECT ename, sal, comm, MOD(sal, comm) FROM emp WHERE sal=1600; ENAME SAL COMM MOD(SAL, COMM) ALLEN 1600 300 100

Example 7 SQL>SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual; SYSDATE 25 -01 -2004

Example 7 SQL>SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual; SYSDATE 25 -01 -2004

Example 8 SQL>SELECT empno, hiredate, MONTHS_BETWEEN(sysdate, hiredate) FROM emp WHERE hiredate LIKE ‘%1978’; EMPNO

Example 8 SQL>SELECT empno, hiredate, MONTHS_BETWEEN(sysdate, hiredate) FROM emp WHERE hiredate LIKE ‘%1978’; EMPNO HIREDATE MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE, HIREDATE) 7788 7876 19 -04 -1987 23 -05 -1987 201. 200404 200. 071371

Example 9 SQL>SELECT empno, hiredate, ADD_MONTHS(HIREDATE, 6), LAST_DAY(HIREDATE) FROM emp WHERE hiredate LIKE ‘%1978’;

Example 9 SQL>SELECT empno, hiredate, ADD_MONTHS(HIREDATE, 6), LAST_DAY(HIREDATE) FROM emp WHERE hiredate LIKE ‘%1978’; EMPNO HIREDATE ADD_MONTHS(HIREDATE, 6 ) LAST_DAY(HIREDATE) 7788 7876 30 -04 -1987 31 -05 -1987 19 -04 -1987 19 -10 -1987 23 -05 -1987 23 -11 -1987

Example 10 SQL>SELECT empno, hiredate, NEXT_DAY(hiredate, ’FRIDAY’) FROM emp WHERE hiredate LIKE ‘%1978; EMPNO

Example 10 SQL>SELECT empno, hiredate, NEXT_DAY(hiredate, ’FRIDAY’) FROM emp WHERE hiredate LIKE ‘%1978; EMPNO HIREDATE NEXT_DAY(HIREDATE) 7788 7876 19 -04 -1987 23 -05 -1987 24 -04 -1987 29 -05 -1987

Example 11 SQL>SELECT sysdate, TO_CHAR(sysdate, ’DD/MM/YYYY’) FROM dual; SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ’DD/MM/YYYY’) 26 -01 -2004

Example 11 SQL>SELECT sysdate, TO_CHAR(sysdate, ’DD/MM/YYYY’) FROM dual; SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, ’DD/MM/YYYY’) 26 -01 -2004 26/01/2004

Example 12 SQL>SELECT empno, TO_CHAR(hiredate, ’DAY “OF” MONTH YYYY HH 12: MI: SS AM’)

Example 12 SQL>SELECT empno, TO_CHAR(hiredate, ’DAY “OF” MONTH YYYY HH 12: MI: SS AM’) FROM emp WHERE ename=UPPER(‘king’); EMPNO TO_CHAR(HIREDATE, ’DAY “OF” MONTH YYYY HH 12: MI: SS AM’) 7839 TUESDAY OF NOVEMBER 1981 12: 00 AM

Example 13 SQL>SELECT empno, TO_CHAR(sal, ’$99, 999’) salary FROM emp WHERE sal > 2500;

Example 13 SQL>SELECT empno, TO_CHAR(sal, ’$99, 999’) salary FROM emp WHERE sal > 2500; EMPNO SALARY 7566 7698 7788 7839 7902 $2, 975 $2, 850 $3, 000 $5, 000 $3, 000

Example 14 SQL>SELECT TO_DATE(‘FEBRUARY 22, 1981’, ’MONTH DD, YYYY’) FROM dual; TO_DATE(‘FEBRUARY 22, 1981’,

Example 14 SQL>SELECT TO_DATE(‘FEBRUARY 22, 1981’, ’MONTH DD, YYYY’) FROM dual; TO_DATE(‘FEBRUARY 22, 1981’, ’MONTH DD, YYYY) 22 -FEB-1981