SQ 006 on the night of the accident

SQ 006 on the night of the accident. . . Taxi route Runway 05 L (assigned take-off runway) Runway 05 R (closed) Taxiway NP Route taken by SQ 006

What was presented to the pilot. . . Taxiway markings Yellow taxiway centre line marking A critical segment of taxiway centrecurved line towards Runway leading 05 R after thethe tangential point where the marking from tangential point taxiwaythe centre line marking from 05 R NP turned across threshold of Runway towardsand met the taxiway line marking of N 1 Runway 05 Lcentre was missing Tangential point

What was presented to the pilot. . . Taxiway lights and signs Only 4 taxiway centre First Second taxiway serviceable taxiway centre line light centre Runway designation signs were not Closely-spaced green lights were provided from leading line light across after leading the Runway tangential across 05 R point colocated with the Runway 05 L taxiway line lights the tangential point across towards was Runway located Runway 05 R 116 m towards 05 L away was on thecentre far. ICAO holding position, as required by set at high intensity the. Runway threshold of 05 R Runway unserviceable side of Runway 05 L was dim into Runway 05 R towards Runway leading 05 L holding position Runway 05 L holding position Tangential point

What was NOT present. . . Missing visual aids ICAO standards and recommended practices ICAO standards require runway ICAO standards require 12 nos. of stop barrequire lights to be runway guard ICAO standards require yellow taxiway centre aline total of 16 centre line lights the designation signs toofbe located onbetween provided across the holding position of Runway lights on taxiway each side the Runway 05 L markings to continue across the threshold of 05 L tangential point and thewhere holding position of each side ofexcept the runway holding position for added conspicuity Runway 05 R, interrupted by. Runway 05 L, instead ofthreshold only 4 markings lights provided on site position, and not the further down the Runway 05 R entry taxiway

Safety measures that could have prevented the accident. . . Removal of threshold markings Disconnection of taxiway centre line lights for closed Runway 05 R Display ofofrunway markers leading into the threshold closedclosure Runway 05 R and low-height frangible, lighted marker and removal of yellow taxiway centre lineboards as a final line of defence to avoid aircraft taking-off by mistake markings in the same area Tangential point