SPREAD OF ISLAM SPREAD OF ISLAM EARLY LIFE

SPREAD OF ISLAM

SPREAD OF ISLAM- EARLY LIFE OF THE PROPHET � � AD 570 - Mohammed is born in Mecca- on west coast of Arabia, trading and pilgrimage town, Ka’aba (cube) AD 595 - Mohammed marries Kadijah, a wealthy business woman, after working for her AD 610 - Mohammed becomes interested in religion- meditates in cave- has visions of Archangel Gabriel telling him he would be a messenger of Godbegins to preach monotheism in Mecca

SPREAD OF ISLAM Mohammed and followers are persecuted in Meccamany followers killed � AD 622 - Hegira- “flight” or “migration” from Mecca to Medina with followers � After Hegira, religion comes to be called Islam, “to surrender to God” and followers Muslim, “the surrendering ones” �

SPREAD OF ISLAM � � � Mohammed begins to lead raids against Meccan caravans His victories begin to attract many Bedouin followers Within 10 years, most Bedouins are Muslim AD 630 - Mohammed an army of 10, 000 followers take Mecca Mohammed destroys all idols in the Ka’aba except for the Black Stone Most of Arabian Peninsula is Muslim by this point

SPREAD OF ISLAM- BY AD 732, MUSLIMS CONTROL: � � Iberian Peninsula North Africa (Carthaginians & Berbers) Egypt Palestine � � � Mesopotamia Lands of the Persian Empire Arabia

REASONS FOR CONQUEST Passion in Faith (Jihad) � Arabia overpopulated � Resistance weak (Byzantium & Persia at war) �

RESULTS OF CONQUEST � Two classes based on Arab ethnicity for Muslims � Lower classes of other religions with greater tolerance of Jews and Christians (People of the Book) in the early years � Became less of an Empire of Believers and more like past empires (political and financial goals)

SPREAD OF ISLAM BEYOND ARABIA Caliphssuccessors to the prophet � Orthodox Caliphate � Umayyad Caliphate � Abbasid Caliphate �

1 ST FOUR CALIPHS (ORTHODOX CALIPHATE) � � � AD 632 -661 Four Caliphs- all knew the prophet personally or were related to him Islam’s wars of conquest launched under these Caliphs

1 ST FOUR CALIPHS (ORTHODOX CALIPHATE) � Abu Bakr- 1 st Caliph, ordered writing of the Koran � Omar- Conquered Syria, Egypt, most of Persia- stabbed to death by a Christian slave � Uthman- killed by rebel muslims � Ali- assassinated

UMAYYAD CALIPHATE � � � � AD 661 -750 Umayyads killed the Prophet’s grandson, Husayn, during their rise to power Fleets attack Constantinopleheld off by Greek Fire Conquered Berbers of north Africa Berbers help to invade Spain in AD 711 Spain conquered in 7 years (AD 718) Conquered to the Indus River in the east Rebellion kills all but one of the Umayyads, who escapes to Spain

ABBASID CALIPHATE � � � AD 750 -1055 Came to power through rebellion against Umayyads Leader of revolt descended from Abbas, the Prophet’s uncle Emphasized link to the Prophet Supported by Persians Beginning of Sunni- Shi’a split

SHI’ITE- SUNNI � Shi’ite- Early support of Abbasids, believed Husayn had been rightful heir and that descendants of the Prophet should lead Islam � Sunni- “orthodox” – hostility with Shi’ites

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM � Faith- Shahadah � Prayer- Salah 5 times a day facing Mecca � Fasting- Sawmduring Ramadam � Alms- Zakah � Pilgrimage- Hajj - to Mecca once in life

SIX ARTICLES OF FAITH � Belief in God � Belief in His Angels � Belief in His Books- Scrolls, Torah, Psalms, Gospels (Injeel), Koran � Belief in His Prophets/Messengers � Belief in the Day of Judgement � Belief in God’s Divine Decree