Spray Tip Update Robert E Wolf Extension Specialist

Spray Tip Update Robert E. Wolf Extension Specialist Biological and Agricultural Engineering

3 -Ring Binder Materials: • 2003 Chemical Weed Control – Pages 5 -10 • Application items – last tab – – Various publications Windmeters Tee. Jet Buyers Guide Hypro Tip Guide

Nozzle Technology? How to use? ? • Nozzles designed to reduce drift • Improved drop size control • Emphasis on ‘Spray Quality’

Nozzles are important because: • Control the amount – GPA. • Determine uniformity of application. • Affects the coverage. • Influences the drift potential.

Coverage: • Need knowledge of the product being used. – Systemic – Contact • What is the target? – – Soil Grass Broadleaf (smooth, hairy, waxy) Leaf orientation – time of day

Will affect drift: • Movement of spray particles off-target. • Creating smaller spray drops will result in increased drift. • Is it Coverage vs Drift? $64, 000 Question? • What is the answer?

Why Interest in Drift? • • • Spotty pest control Wasted chemicals Off-target damage More high value specialty crops Urban sprawl and. . . Less tolerant neighbors Litigious Society More wind? ? (Timing) Environmental impact – Water and Air Quality • Public more aware of pesticide concerns! (Negative) (Perceptions) • Result-higher costs-$$$

Spray Characteristics are Important to Understand: Demonstrates Turbo Flat vs Turbo. Drop-5 MPH Wind

Page 7 - Tee. Jet

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Nozzles Types?

Is this tip good or bad?

Extended Range Flat-fan: • • Tapered edge pattern 80 and 110 degree fan Requires overlap - 50 to 60% 15 -60 psi range 80° 110°

Nozzles Types?

l l l l Turbulence chamber as in the Turbo Flood Tapered edge, wide angle flat pattern Designed to work in flat-fan nozzle holder Uniform spray distribution, 50 -60% overlap Wide pressure range, 15 – 90 psi Large, drift resistant droplets Plastic with superior wear characteristics TT XR Turbo Flat-fan:

Nozzles Types?

Air-Induction/Venturi Nozzles Where air is drawn into the nozzle cavity and exits with the fluid.

Air/Induction – Venturi Nozzle: • Spraying Systems AI Tee. Jet • Air intake venturi section • Mixing Chamber - air and spray solution blended • Exit orifice - Pattern tip forms large air-bubble drops • • • Better Penetration? Reduced run-off? Improved coverage? Adequate efficacy? Reduced drift? YES!!!

Air/Induction – Venturi Nozzle: • Greenleaf – Turbo. Drop • Air intake venturi section • Mixing Chamber - air and spray solution blended • Pattern tip forms large airbubble drops • Exit tip flow 2 X venturi orifice • Better Penetration? • Reduced run-off? • Improved coverage? • Adequate efficacy? • Reduced drift?

XR Flat-fan and Turbo Flat-fan compared to Venturi Style 5. 0 MPH wind at 40 psi XR vs Turbo. Drop Turbo Flat vs Turbo Drop

Driftable Droplets: Nozzle Type (0. 5 GPM Flow) Spraying Systems-2000 Approximate % of Spray Volume < 200 Microns 15 PSI 40 PSI XR 11005 14% 22% XR 8005 6% 12% DG 11005 N/A 11% DG 8005 N/A 7% TT 11005 <1% <6% TF-2. 5 <1% AI 11005 N/A <1%

2001 Research Results

Objective of this study: Field measure the spray droplet characteristics of venturi flat-fan nozzles at 50 PSI compared to extended range flat-fan nozzles at 25 PSI, and turbo flat-fan and DR flat-fan nozzles at 35 PSI.

Materials and Methods: Spray Tips (4): Extended Range Flat-fan (XR) Turbo Flat-fan (TT) Combo-Jet DR Air Induction Flat-fan (AI) Spray Volumes (2): 5 GPA (110015 orifice tips) 10 GPA (110025 orifice tips) 10 GPA (11003 orifice tips) Application Ground Speed: 4. 75 – 5. 5 MPH Spray Pressure: 25, 35, and 50 PSI Spray Tip Spacing: 30 inches Canopy Boom Height: 21 inches

paraquat glyphosate

Collection Procedure:

Droplet. Scan used to analyze droplets: System Components

Sample cards: XR TT 5 GPA DR AI XR TT 10 GPA DR AI

Spray Droplet Size – Tip * Volume 5 GPA XR TT DR 10 GPA AI

Drift Potential – Tip * Volume 5 GPA XR TT DR 10 GPA AI

Efficacy – Tip * Volume 5 GPA XR TT DR LSD=2 10 GPA AI

2002 Research Results

Objective of this study: • Compare the efficacy and spray droplet characteristics of three venturi flat-fan nozzles against the turbo flat-fan tip at 30, 50, and 70 psi.

Materials and Methods: Experiments: Location: Ashland Bottoms, Manhattan, KS Exp. Design: 2 x 3 x 4 split-split plot with 3 reps (24 treatments) Drop Collectors: Placed in 2 reps with 2 cards per rep (96 cards) Plot Size: 3 x 9 m with 1. 5 m buffer Weeds: Velvetleaf, common sunflower, sorghum, corn Visual Ratings: 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment Herbicides (2): Paraquat, 0. 487 lb ae/a (1. 3 pt/a), NIS @. 25% v/v Glyphosate, 0. 28 lb ae/a (12 oz/a), AMSU @17 lb/100 gal Application Volume: 10 GPA Application Conditions: Date: July 09, 2002 Weed Size: Vele - 15 cm, Cosf - 20 cm, Sorg – 25 cm, Corn – 13 cm Temperature: 98 F R. H. : 20% Wind: S-SW@ 4 -5 km/h

Materials and Methods: Spray Tips (4): Turbo Flat-fan (TT) Air Induction Flat-fan (AI) Ultra lo-drift (ULD) Air Mix (AM) Spray Volume: 10 GPA (11002 orifice tips) Spray Pressure: 30, 50, and 70 psi Spray Tip Spacing: 76 cm, tilted 15 degrees Canopy Boom Height: 51 cm

Collection Procedure:

Volume Medium Diameter: *Significant. 05

*Significant Control: Tip / Pressure

EPA Requested Changes Coming!? !? – ASAE S-572 • Buffer Zones or No Spray Zones • Maximize Efficacy • Minimize Drift Example Reference Graph 900 800 very fine/medium/ coarse/ very coarse/ extremely coarse 700 600 XC 500 C VC 400 Drop Size (microns) • New Label language. EPA Reviewing Public Comments • Public ‘Listening Sessions’ planned • Sometime in 200? ? ? • Match the crop protection product to the target • Adhere to label guidelines based on an industry standard 300 M 200 F VF 100 0 0. 1 0. 5 Cumulative Volume Fraction 0. 9

Origin Of Standardized Spray Droplet Size Categories • 1985 -- British Crop Protection Council (BCPC) – Droplet size classifications, primarily designed to enhance efficacy. – Uses the term SPRAY QUALITY for droplet size categories. 2000 -- ASAE Standard S 572 – Droplet size classifications, primarily designed to control spray drift. – Uses the term DROPLET SPECTRA CLASSIFICATION for droplet size categories.

ASAE DSC and Volume Median Diameter (DV 0. 5) From PMS* Laser Spectrometer Droplet Spectra Classification (DSC) • • • Very Fine (VF) Fine (F) Medium (M) Coarse (C) Very Coarse (VC) Extremely Coarse (XC) Droplet Size Range < 182µm 183 -280µm 281 -429µm 430 -531µm 532 -655µm >656µm *USDA ARS College Station, TX

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Important Droplet Statistics: Operational Area

Thanks

For more information contact: rewolf@ksu. edu www. bae. ksu. edu/rewolf/