Spooky action at distance also for neutral kaons

Spooky action at distance also for neutral kaons? What has CP violation to do with nonlocality? by Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Austria

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr What does Particle Physics teach us about QM? . . . a lot!! Is there nonlocality also in high energy systems? Are Bell inequalities violated? Particle physics? photons, atoms, single neutrons, . . . Spooky action at distance also for neutral kaons?

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr The EPR scenario Antisymmetric Bell state: . . . spin 1/2. . . qubit. . . photon. . . kaon. . . B-meson. . . single neutron in interferometer

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr The EPR scenario 1935: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-PARADOX Completeness of theory: “Every element of the physical reality must have a counterpart in theory” Quantum theory is not complete!

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr What are Bell inequalities? realism locality free will Local realistic theories: inequalities for probabilities always satisfied! No spooky action at distance! Quantum Mechanics: quantum mechanical probabilities may violate the inequalities! Experiment has to decide!

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Generalized Bell inequality for kaons Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, PRA 63 (2001) What can Alice & Bob measure? measurement device Are you in a certain quasispin kn or not? ta local realistic theories • vary in times • vary in quasi-spin • or both QM:

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr !? Nonlocality related to a symmetry violation? ! Bell inequalities CP violation world anti-world

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr CP violation Experiment: 1964 Christensen, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay CP violation Leptonic charge asymmetry:

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Generalized Bell inequality for kaons (I) I. Vary in quasi-spin: ? ! CP violation related to nonlocality !? • Bertlmann, Grimus, Hiesmayr, PRA (2001) • Hiesmayr, Found. of Phys. Lett (2001) Leptonic charge asymmetry:

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Generalized Bell inequality for kaons (II) II. Vary in time: Violation! Kaons? • Bertlmann, Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Lett. A (2004) • Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A (2001) NO violation! Strangeness oscillation/decay: PROPOSITION: The CHSH-inequality is violated iff x>2 for kaons or for other mesons x>2. 6. B-mesons: x=0. 77 D-meson: x<0. 03 B -mesons: x>20. 6

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Bell-CHSH forkaons Bell-CHSHtype inequality for Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, PRA 63 (2001) Is it really not possible to distinguish between local realistic theories and quantum mechanics for neutral kaons in Photons: Violation! experiment? a direct Kaons? You have to be • Bertlmann, Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, NO violation! Phys. Lett. A (2004) more tricky! • Bertlmann, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. A (2001) Strangeness oscillation/decay: PROPOSITION: The CHSH-inequality is violated iff x>2 for kaons or for other mesons x>2. 6. B-mesons: x=0. 77 D-meson: x<0. 03 B -mesons: x>20. 6

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Bell inequality sensitive to strangeness violated? Hiesmayr, Eur. Phys. J. C (2007) local realistic theories Can we violate the BI for a certain initial state and if, what is the maximum value? Arbitrary initial state: Expectation value:

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Bell inequality sensitive to strangeness violated? Can we violate the BI for a certain initial state and if, what is the maximum value? Hiesmayr, Eur. Phys. J. C (2007) YES!! The maximal violation is obtained for a non-maximal entangled state A. Di. Domenico A. Go

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Different view on CP violation (1) Hiesmayr, Huber Phys. Lett. A (2007) Bohr’s principle of complementarity: Quantum systems possess properties that are equally real but mutually exclusive! wave-particle duality Interferometric duality: The observation of an interference pattern and the adquisition of which-way information are mutually exclusive! predictability= a priori which-way knowledge pure state: equality Greenberger, Yasin (1988); Englert (1996) fringe visibility

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Different view on CP violation (2) Hiesmayr, Huber Phys. Lett. A (2007) predictability= a priori which-way knowledge pure state: equality fringe visibility=interference 1 contrast Kaon in time: short-lived state long-lived state Bramon, Garbarino, Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. (2004) „A kaon is a kind of double slit“ CP violation shifts obtainable information to different aspects of reality!

Discrete 2008, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr Summary/Outlook: • CP violation implies nonlocality • CP violation shifts obtainable information to different aspects of reality • kaons provide a ``dynamical´´ nonlocality • nonlocality and entanglement are different quantum features for quantum particles with more degrees of freedom Hiesmayr, Huber, Spengler; in preparation direct experimental test of BI are highly desired! (open: if non—maximal entangled states can be produced in experiment) Outlook: BI with regenerators: A. Di. Domenico A. Go Testable BI for DAPHNE (Frascati, Rom)?