Sponsored by An OGC Framework for Smart Cities

An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: Urban Planning • “OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework” OGC Document 14 -115, draft OGC White Paper • Built from these activities: – “Making Location Work for Smart Cities – the Case for Location Standards, ” OGC - Directions Magazine webinar – Discussions and Presentations to DWGs in Calgary TC – Survey of Smart City Standards Activities: • JTC 1, ITU, ISO, BSI, DIN, others – Survey of City. GML implementations • Objective: mature the White Paper into a Best Practice based on DWG discussions and implementation OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Open Standards Coordination for Smart Cities • • ISO/IEC JTC 1/SG 1 Smart Cities ISO TMB Task Force on Smart Cities ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities ISO/TC 268 - Sustainable development and resilience of communities • British Standards Institute, • DKE/DIN German standards • Others: IEC, ANSI, CEN/CENELEC, ETSI, etc. OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework White Paper Themes • Smart Cities are high-density generators of innovation and information. • Location information is a major enabler of Smart City technology benefits. • Benefits of smart technology must be judged by benefits to residents • Reuse and repurpose is vital to urban resilience • Open standards are needed for interoperability, efficiency, application innovation and cost effectiveness. OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Smart Cities Spatial Information Viewpoints • ISO/IEC 10746, Information Technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference Model (RM-ODP) – Enterprise Viewpoint: definition of Smart City, Indicators for assessing the value of deploying the technology, and enterprise components for the information system of a Smart City – Information Viewpoint, spatial information and data needed in Smart City – Services Viewpoint interfaces and workflows pertinent to a achieve interoperability using a service oriented architecture for a Smart City – Deployment Viewpoint, identifying approaches for deploying the Spatial Information Framework in cities. • An Annex provides a summary of standardization activities regarding Smart Cities. – The architecture in the main body of the white paper aims to build on and contribute back to the activities of the SDOs. OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Smart Cities Spatial Information Themes • Smart Cities are high-density generators of innovation and information • Location information is a major enabler of Smart City technology benefits. • Benefits of smart technology must be judged by benefits to residents • Reuse and repurpose is vital to urban resilience • Open standards are needed for interoperability, efficiency, application innovation and cost effectiveness. OGC ® (Graphic from Steve Liang, University of Calgary)

What’s so smart about Smart Cities? • A Smart City provides effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens. – Source: BSI PAS 180 - Smart Cities Vocabulary • How are “smarts” applied in cities – To improve emergency response and resource management. • Centralized command control system – To enhance citizen access to the city information to inform individual and collective decision making • Autonomous actors in an ecosystem OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

The Death and Life of Great Smart Cities • “Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody. ” – The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs • “Go out there and see what works and what doesn’t work, and learn from reality. See how people actually use spaces, learn from that, and use it. ” – Physical architect Jan Gehl recalling Jane Jacobs • Smart city information development based on Jacobs – Open Information – Iterative Development – Indicators of what’s important OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

Indicators for city services and quality of life OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open

Example Indicators from ISO 37120 indicators involve geospatial and sensors • Recreation indicator: Outdoor recreation space – Square meters of public outdoor recreation space per capita • Energy indicator: Renewable energy sources – Percentage of total energy derived from renewable sources, as a share of the city's total energy consumption • Environment indicator: Noise pollution – Noise pollution shall be calculated by mapping the noise level Lden (day-evening-night) likely to cause annoyance OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

Smart City Application Areas Each SDO has a similar list of application areas: • Utilities - Smart Grid, Smart Water, etc. • Sanitation • Intelligent Buildings • Intelligent Transportation • Health • Public Safety and Security • Environmental Protection • Emergency Services • Education • Urban Planning • Open Data OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

China’s Smart City Pilots: A Progress Report Pu Liu and Zhenghong Peng, Wuhan University

ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities OGC ®

Smart City Enterprise Components Elected Officials Application Layer Health Intelligent buildings Public safety and security Intelligent transportation Environmental Protection Emergency Services Utilities Urban planning Sanitation Catalogs, Semantics Education Metadata Data Access Data Layer Urban/Municipal Database Other Data Enterprise Data Economic Data Population Data Geospatial Data Ingest and Quality Checking Sensing Layer City Sensor Webs Sensor networks OGC Crowdsourcing Security System Visualization and Decision Support Analytics and Models Open data Cloud hosted resources Business Layer Public Municipal Employees Phones, Wearables ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

Spatial information is pervasive and primary • Geography Markup Language (GML) – the international XML standard for spatial data on the web. • City. GML - open data format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3 D city models and semantics • Indoor. GML - modeling indoor spaces for navigation purposes. • Land. XML - civil engineering and survey data for land development and transportation • Building Information Models (BIM) using ISO, Building. Smart and OGC standards OGC Source: Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU ® Information Viewpoint

City. GML Standards Family • City. GML Standard – Version 2. 0 – current adopted version – Version 3. 0 Standards Working Group underway • INSPIRE Data Specification on Buildings – Buildings Theme as in Annex III of the EU INSPIRE Directive – 3 D representations of buildings using City. GML – Basis of visualization of noise mapping • National 3 D standard in The Netherlands – OGC Best Practice: City. GML ADE - Dutch 3 D Standard • Additional profiles are underway – 3 D National Data Model for Kingdom of Bahrain OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

City. GML Implementation (Thanks to Claus Nagel for input) • Berlin 3 D City Model - one of the world's largest city models. – 560, 000 fully textured building models in Level of Detail 2 (Lo. D 2) and more than 200 detailed models in Lo. D 3/4. – Basis of the Berlin Economic Atlas and the Solar Atlas • German federal surveying agencies central database – will contain every building in Germany as City. GML LOD 1 and LOD 2 model. – LOD 1 model is nearly complete, and LOD 2 is expected to be completed by the end of next year. – Nearly every larger German city maintains its own City. GML model in addition. • Major cities in Austria (e. g. , Vienna, Salzburg), Switzerland (e. g. , Zürich, Geneva) France (e. g. , Paris, Bordeaux) have City. GML models • Finland national initiative to build up a nation-wide 3 D model – 3 D model on top of an “Open Information Model Architecture” - City. GML + OGC web service interfaces + open data + open APIs. – Finish 3 D model integrating both BIM and City. GML. • Singapore evaluated City. GML for a 3 D city model covering all LODs. – Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) • Malaysian 3 D SDI • Increasing interest in Japan and US OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Geospatial Standards and Profile s Smart service 1 Smart service 2 Domain specific model 1 Domain specific model 2 Future extension National/City Data Model ISO/BSI ISO 19152 - LADM ISO 19156 – O&M OGC INSPIRE IHO/ICAO/WMO/. . Network Model City. GML Buildings AIXM 5. 1 SWE Common Addresses PAS Smart Cities ISO 19103 OGC ISO 19107 S-57/ S-100 BIM GML Coverages. . . . ISO 19108 ISO 19111 ISO 19115 ISO 19123 ISO 19136/19139 Source: Carsten Roensdorf, Ordnance Survey ® Information Viewpoint

Seamless spatial data modeling across SDOs OGC ® Information Viewpoint Copyright © 2014 Open

Interoperability Services for Smart Cities OGC Web Services • OGC Web Services – Maps - WMS, Features - WFS, Coverages WCS, Metadata - CSW Web Feature Server Web Coverage Server • Sensor Web Enablement – Discover, Task, Access and Process Sensor Observations – SOS, SPS Web Map Server • Crowdsourcing – Geo-enabled Social Media – Sensor. Things for Internet of Things OGC Sensor Web Enablement • Processing – WPS, WCPS, TJS, Open. MI • Visualization and Augmented Reality – ARML 2, 3 D Portrayal • Open Data and Mobile: – Open Geo. SMS, Context, Geo. Package, 3 D Portrayal OGC ® © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Services Viewpoint

OGC Services Architecture for interoperable access and processing of geospatial information for decision support Visualization / Decision Tools and Applications Internet and Cellular Networks Discovery Services Processing Services Other Services Workflow, Alerts TJS WCPS WPS Open. MI Access Services WFS Simple Features Access SPS Sensor. ML eb. RIM O&M SOS Geospatially Enabled Metadata WMS Discover Task Geospatial Browse/Maps Geospatial Coverage Data OGC Open. Search Geo Sensor Web Enablement WMTS WCS Geospatial Feature Data CSW Access Puck Sensors Other Data ® Services Viewpoint Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Example applications of Smart City Spatial Information Architecture (1 of 2) Indicator Standards Maintain a City Model • “Rapid model-building for venue owners” using City. GML and Indoor. GML Recreation: Recreation space • Calculate using WFS, WPS on City model • OGC Moving Features movement of pedestrians Energy: Renewable energy sources • Solar Atlas of Berlin is based on City. GML model • BIM, geospatial, smart meters for urban energy European SUNSHINE project Environment: Noise pollution • 3 D visualization of noise using the INSPIRE Building OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Example applications of Smart City Spatial Information Architecture (1 of 3) Indicator Standards Common Operating Picture • COP for emergency response using Oil Spill Recommended Practice – OGC Web Services and GML Application Schemas Urban Economics • Geospatial cyberinfrastructure for urban economic analysis and simulation: WMS, WFS, WPS at ASU Big data Analytics • "New Science of Cities, ” Batty • WPS cloud computing for big data geo-analytics Crowdsourcing and VGI • Sensor. Things on crowdsourcing “stovepipes” • WFS and SOS wrapping of Twitter, Flickr and from mobile devices directly as in OGC testbeds Open Data • Open source : OS Geo, Location. Tech, Apache, etc • Open data: Open Street Map, Location Tech, GEOSS OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework Community Objectives • Indicators for city services and quality of life • Smart City Applications • Enterprise Components Information Models • GML • City. GML • Indoor. GML • Land. XML • BIM Enterprise Viewpoint Abstract/Best Practices Information Computational Viewpoint Services • OGC Web Services • Sensor Web (SWE) • Mobile and Io. T • Crowdsourcing • Open Data Optimized Design/Development Indicator Maintain a City Model Recreation: Recreation space Energy: Renewable energy Engineering Technology Viewpoints Common Operating Picture Urban Economics Big data Analytics Crowdsourcing and VGI Environment: Noise pollution OGC ® RM-ODP Viewpoints Open Data

OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework 1. A Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities? 2. Smart City Information Enterprise 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 What’s so smart about Smart Cities? Indicators for city services and quality of life Smart City Applications Smart City Enterprise framework 3. Spatial Information and Smart Cities 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 Spatial information is pervasive and primary City. GML and Indoor. GML Land. ML, Infra. GML and Infra. ML Building Information Models 4. Interoperability Services for Smart Cities 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 4. 5 4. 6 4. 7 4. 8 Geospatial Services Architecture Sensor Web Enablement and Sensor. Things Data Access Services Processing Services Catalogue Services Workflow Context Document and Geo. Package Visualization and Augmented Reality 5. Development of Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 Spatial Information Architecture for Smart Cities OGC Smart City Interoperability Initiatives Deploying the Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities Annex A. Open Standards Coordination for Smart Cities OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Next Steps in developing Spatial Information Framework • Develop a Spatial Information Architecture for Smart Cities – Build on the white paper and beyond • Coordinate with other Standards Developing Organizations – OGC providing spatial and location standards for Smart Cities • Catalog OGC member implementations • Conduct testing to confirm the architecture and technology • Deploy the architecture as a policy in your Smart City. OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

Template for Document Approval Motion • The Urban Planning DWG recommends that the OGC Technical Committee approve release of [OGC Document 14 -115] “OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework” as an OGC White Paper – Pending and final edits and review by OGC staff – After a two week comment period and responses. – Motion: <Name of person making the motion> – Second: <name of the person seconding the motion> – If there is a hand vote, the results of the vote. Otherwise, the phrase <There was no objection to unanimous consent> should be used • This White Paper provides a draft spatial information framework for Smart Cities. The document is structured using an RM-ODP viewpoints plus an annex surveying Smart City activities in other SDOs. OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium