Sponges Cnidarians Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates no backbone 95
Sponges & Cnidarians
Kingdom Animalia • Invertebrates: no backbone; 95% of animals • Vertebrates: have a backbone
What Animals Do to Survival • • Feeding – ingest or eat food Respiration – O 2 CO 2 Circulation – Diffusion or Circulatory System Excretion – ammonia Response – nervous system Movement Reproduction
Early Development • Blastula – zygote hollow ball of cells – Blatopore – inner tube • Protostome – balstopore mouth – Invertebrates • Deuterostome – blastopore anus – Echinoderms & Vertebrates • Endoderm – inner layer; digestive & respiratory • Mesoderm – middle layer; muscles & circulatory • Ectoderm – outer layer; sense organs, nerves, & skin
Body Symmetry • Radial Symmetry – any number of plans can be drawn through the center to divide the body into equal halves • Bilateral Symmetry – only a single plane can divide the body into equal halves • Asymmetrical – no plans can divide the animal into equal halves
Sponges • Asymmetrical • The movement of water through the sponge provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation, & excreation • Spicule - skeleton is made of chalklike calcium carbonate or glasslike silica
Cnidarians • • Soft-bodied, carnivorous animals Stinging tentacles around their mouth Body symmetry and specialized tissue Their sting releases poisons that paralyze or kill their prey
Cnidarians • Life Cycle: includes polyp & medusa • Feeding: Gastrovascular Cavity – A digestive chamber where food enters & waste exists • Respiration, Circulation, & Excretion: diffusion
Cnidarians • Response – specialized sensory cells • Movement – hydrostatic skeleton or jet propulsion • Reproduction – external fertilization
Groups of Cnidarians • Jelly Fish, Hydras, Sea Anemones, & Coral
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