Sponge Set up Cornell Notes on pg 37

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 37 Topic: 4. 2 Food Chains and Webs Essential Question: Draw three food chains, each with at least 3 linkages (4 organisms)-words only BIOZONE: P. 168 -171, 174 Text: P. 752 -753 4. 2 Food Chains and webs EQ: Draw three food chains, each with at least 3 linkages- words only Key Vocabulary: Food Chains Food Webs Trophic Levels: Primary/Secondary/Tertiary/ Quaternary Consumer Get out homework for signature (Monday’s and Tuesday’s)

P. 36 Trophic Level Pyramid In class: Construct a food web Build-Your-Own Food Web

Understanding • Most ecosystems rely on a supply of energy from sunlight

The Importance of Sunlight • All life you see around you on Earth’s surface relies either directly or indirectly on sunlight

Understanding • Light energy is converted to chemical energy in carbon compounds by photosynthesis

The role of photosynthesis Remember photosynthesis: • Takes simple inorganic CO₂ and convert it into energy-rich sugar C₆H₁₂O₆ • Light energy from sun is being converted into chemical energy (food)

The role of photosynthesis • Chemical energy refers to the fact that organic compounds such as carbs, proteins, and lipids are rich in energy – Can be measured by calories or kilocalories – One way to release the chemical energy from organic compounds is to digest the food

Understanding • Chemical energy in carbon compounds flows through food chains by means of feeding

Food Chains • By feeding on producers, consumers can utilize the chemical energy to grow and stay healthy

Food Chains • A food chain is a model that shows a sequence of feeding relationships and energy flow between species • A food chain follows the connection between one producer and a single chain of consumers within an ecosystem. GRAMA GRASS DESERT COTTONTAIL *The direction of the arrow shows the direction of energy flow HARRIS’S HAWK

Trophic levels refer to an organism’s position in a food chain. T 5= Quaternary Consumer T 4= Tertiary Consumer Draw on top of P. 36 include examples T 3= Secondary Consumers T 2= Primary Consumers T 1= Primary Producers ……C a r n i v o r e s……. • Classify organisms by their feeding relationships with the other organisms in the same ecosystem herbivores plants

Understanding • Most species occupy different trophic levels in multiple food chains

Organisms can fit into more than one tropic level! • Ex: A common seal is in T 3 when it feeds on Grey Mullet • But will be in T 4 when it feeds on lobster T 4 T 3 T 2 T 1

Understanding • A food web shows all the possible food chains in a community

• A food web emphasizes complicated feeding relationships and energy flow in an ecosystem. • An interconnecting series of food chains. • Since organisms usually eat more than one type of food, a simple food chain does not tell the whole story ENERGY

Arctic Marine Food Web

Food Webs • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=MGODmy. Xkk. PU 3 m 7 s

Understanding • Energy losses between trophic levels restrict the length of food chains and the biomass of higher trophic levels

Energy Levels in Trophic levels • The number of levels is limited by how much energy enters the ecosystem – Energy is lost at each level • So the # of organisms in the chain as well as the quantity of light available at the beginning will determine how long the chain is

Determining an organism’s tropic level In order to determine the tropic level of each organism start with the producer. • Remember: some organisms occupy more than one trophic level or take their food from multiple trophic levels Algae mosquito larva dragonfly larva fish raccoon Algae (T 1) mosquito larva (T 2) dragonfly larva (T 3) fish (T 4) raccoon (T 5)

In Class Practice: Construct a Food Web Middle of p. 36 Just use words and arrows • Algae (plant) is eaten by the mayfly larva • Leaf debris is eaten by the caddis fly larva and the blackfly larva • The mayfly larva, caddis fly larva, and the blackfly larva are eaten by juvenile trout (fish) • The juvenile trout is eaten by the kingfisher (bird) • The mayfly larva is also eaten by the sculpin (fish) and the stonefly larva, all of which are eaten by adult trout Please include labels to indicate the tropic level of each organism (T 1 -5)

T 3/

On the bottom p. 36: Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms • All trophic levels must be labeled (T 1/T 2 etc. ) • Remember: some organisms occupy more than one trophic level or take their food from multiple trophic levels • Must have pictures