Spokane River PCB Source Assessment Washington State Department
Spokane River PCB Source Assessment Washington State Department of Ecology Spokane River Forum May 24 2011
Spokane River Total PCBs in Fish Tissue 1993 -1999 Max 2500 Mean Total PCBs (ng/g, wet) 2000 Min 1500 Trout Fillet Whole Suckers 1000 500 WA Standard= 5. 3 ng/g 0 Plant Ferry Ninemile ng/g= parts per billion
Components of Spokane River PCB Source Assessment n Source Assessment 2003 -2004 n Fish Tissue Advisory Update 2005 n City of Spokane Stormwater 2007
Sampling Overview Sampling conducted between 2003 - 2007 n n n River water (2003 -04) Industrial and municipal discharges (2003 -04) Storm water (2007) Bottom sediments and sediment cores (2003 -04) Suspended particulates (2003 -04) Resident fish (2005) Rainbow and Brown Trout, Mountain Whitefish, Smallmouth Bass, Largescale and Bridgelip Sucker
Study Area RM 112 RM 0
Historic PCB Effluent Loading Data 1994 -2002 Discharge 1994 1995 2000 2001 2002 Kaiser Trentwood 2300 2600 2400 480 140 Spokane WWTP - - - 260 - Inland Empire Paper - - - 40 94 Liberty Lake WWTP - - - 4. 3 - -=Not measured milligrams/day
Comparison of WWTP Effluent Concentrations of PCBs in Washington 15600 4700 1800 910 1000 580 578 536 380 330 282 pg/l= parts per quadrillion Li b er ty La ke to n er em Br W al la ne al la W Sp an t Pl (1 8 ki m a ok a s) n el to Sh ek re C s Ya C ha m be r es t. P oi nt a ou n ty W ac om of T ng C C ity Ev er e tt 100 Ki Total PCBs (pg/l) 10000
PCB Loads from City of Spokane Storm Drains Total PCB Load= 690 mg/day
PCB Loading in Spokane River 2003 -2004 Source Total PCBs, mg/day Idaho 477 Stateline (RM 96. 1) Washington Liberty Lake WWTP= 2. 9 Kaiser= 65 Inland Empire= 45 354 (mid) 721 (bottom) Upriver Dam (RM 80. 2) City of Spokane Stormwater= 690 1, 413 Spokane WWTP= 194 Monroe Street Upper Falls Dam (RM 74. 5) Flow 2, 281 Ninemile Dam (RM 58. 1) Little Spokane River= 97 3, 664 Long Lake Dam (RM 33. 9) Load (mg/day) City of Spokane Stormwater 690 Stateline 477 Spokane WWTP 194 Little Spokane River 95 Kaiser 65 Inland Empire Paper 45 Liberty Lake WWTP 2. 9
Distribution of PCB Sources 2003 -2004 Little Spokane River= 6% Municipal/Industrial= 20% Idaho= 30% Stormwater= 44% Municipal/Industrial Stormwater Idaho Little Spokane River
Dissolved PCBs in Mainstem 2003 -2004 pg/l= parts per quadrillion
Reductions Needed In Spokane River to Meet Water Quality Standards Target t-PCB Load (mg/day) at Water Quality Criterion Location on Spokane River Current t-PCB Load (mg/day) NTR (170 pg/l) Spokane Tribe (3. 37 pg/l) t-PCB Load Reduction Required to Meet Water Quality Criterion NTR Spokane Tribe Stateline 477 766 15 Upriver Dam 537 780 15 Monroe St. 1, 413 1, 208 24 15% 98% Ninemile 2, 281 1, 243 25 46% 99% Little Spokane River 97 83 2 15% 98% Lake Spokane (lower) 3, 664 1, 562 31 57% 99% Little Falls 3, 664 1, 562 31 57% 99% Spokane Arm 3, 664 1, 562 31 57% 99% none required 97%
ke La ) ef (R m Ar lls Fa an e e ttl ne ok a Sp Li e e an ok Sp La k ke La e R St an ok Sp e an ok Sp La ke ffa lo Bu er Lo w e dl id M er U pp e ttl Li e ro M on Total PCB Concentration (ng/g OC) Total PCBs in Spokane River Sediments 2 000 1 800 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 ng/g, OC= parts per billion organic carbon normalized
Sediment Effects at Upriver Dam 2003 -2004 Dissolved Total PCBs in Surface Water pg/l= parts per quadrillion
Sediment Profile for Lower Lake Spokane • Steep declines from 1960 s through mid-1980 s • Concentrations have decreased by about ½ since mid 1980 s ng/g= parts per billion
PCBs in Spokane River Fish 2005 Sportfish Fillets Whole Suckers Highest Levels near Mission Park ug/kg= parts per billion
Total PCB Levels in Freshwater Fish from WA. 2001 to 2008 1000 Background Areas: median = 1. 4 ppb; 90 th% = 6. 5 ppb (Johnson, et. al. , 2010) WSTMP 2001 -2008 Spokane River 2005 t-PCB (ppb ww) 100 10 WA Criterion (5. 3 ppb) Background (1. 4 ppb) 1 Spokane Tribal Standard (0. 1 ppb) 0, 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Percentile (n=303) 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Conclusions n n PCB levels in Spokane River have declined since 1990 s but are still above standards and elevated compared to most other areas of Washington PCB concentrations in water increase moving downstream from the Idaho border to Lake Spokane The largest PCB loading to the river appears to be from storm water in the City of Spokane To meet the Spokane Tribe water quality standard, all sources (including the river at the Idaho Border and sediments) will have to be
Recommendations n n n Implement Spokane River Toxics Reduction Strategy Prevention, management and cleanup Conduct upstream source tracing within conveyance systems Urban Waters Initiative Conduct effectiveness monitoring to track progress in reducing PCB levels Draft plan scheduled for early 2012
Links n Spokane River PCB Source Assessment 2003 -2007 http: //www. ecy. wa. gov/biblio/1103013. html n Spokane River Toxics Reduction Strategy http: //www. ecy. wa. gov/biblio/1110038. html
- Slides: 20