spirometry TV IRV ERV RV IC FRC RV

폐용량 측정법 (spirometry) TV = 일회호흡량 IRV = 흡기예비량 ERV= 호기예비량 RV = 잔류용적 IC = 흡기용량 FRC= 기능적잔류용적 측정 ( RV): open circuit, closed circuit, body plathysomography

호흡기 질환들 Obstructive disorders (increased flow-resistance): 기관지나 폐포구성 결체조직 파괴-호흡기능 부전 폐 조직 증가 (주로 막히는 현상) A. A 1 Asthma (천식): Acute attacks chronic inflammation of bronchial wall Expiratory flow-limitation - Hyper-reactive bronchial wall – Eosinophils-Hypersecretion – Bronchoconstriction. Criterion: A low FEV 1 improves more than 15% following inhalation of broncho-dilatators A 2 Chronic obstructive bronchitis & emphysema (만성폐쇄성 폐질환): COPD A 3 Respiratory failure (호흡부전) A 4 Cor pulmonale (폐성심): 심장기능이상에 동반되어 생기는 폐 울혈(젖어있다) A 5 Sleep apnoea (수면무호흡)-목젖이나 편도의 비대, 혹은 부은상태 A 6 Cystic fibrosis (섬유낭종성 변화) 기관지 확장증과 비슷 Restrictive disorders (small lung volumes - especially VC): 기관지나 폐포구성 결체조직 파괴- 예) 폐결 B. 핵등으로 폐 부피 감소 B 1 Restrictive disorders in the lung parenchyma (폐조직자체의 호흡제한적인 이상 등) Granulomatosis (sarcoidosis – often also obstructive) Systemic connective tissue diseases (Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, sclerosis) External allergic alveolitis (organic dust) Diffuse progressive pulmonary fibrosis Collapsed alveoli and alveolar oedema B 2 Restrictive disorders in the chest wall (흉벽의 이상에 의한 호흡제한) Rib fractures - Kyphoscoliosis - Ankylosing spondylitis Pneumothorax - Pleural disorders and effusions (transudates and exudates) B 3 Restrictive disorders in the newborn (신생아)