SPIRAL 2 Physics Collaborations Introduction Performances of SPIRAL

SPIRAL 2 Physics & Collaborations • Introduction Performances of SPIRAL 2 • Physics of SPIRAL 2 Fundamental Physics and Applications • Organisation and Collaborations • Next Actions M. Lewitowicz 1

ORIGINE OF LIFE Creation of Matter Particle Physics Elements Nuclear Physics Planets Future RIB Facilities (SPIRAL 2, EURISOL) Life Chemistry Biochemistry Marek Lewitowicz 2

Dimensions of Universe Super Cluster Mass (kg) 1050 Cluster Galaxy 1040 1030 Cluster of stars Planets Stars 1020 1010 Asteroids Comets Home Neurosciences 1 10 -10 Astrophysics ADN Cells Radiobiology Atoms Atomic & Solid State Physics 10 -20 Nucleons & Nuclei 10 -30 10 -20 10 -10 1 1010 1020 Size (m) 1030 Nuclear Physics

§Why SPIRAL 2 ? §NUCLEAR PHYSICS § Discovery of new phenomena in nuclei far from stability § Understand a complex structure of atomic nucleus §ASTROPHYSICS § Understand origin of elements §INTERDISCIPLINAIRY RESEARCH § Study of materials for future fusion reactors like ITER and DEMO § Atomic Physics & Solid State Physics, § New isotopes for medicine… 4

The Physics case of SPIRAL 2 Heavy and Super Heavy Elements Position of drip-lines Equation of State Role of Isospin N=Z rp-process r-process path Shell structure far from stability Spins&Shapes Spins & Shapes Neutrons for science Atomic & solid state physics Isotope production Haloes & Structures in the Continuum See www. ganil. fr for more Marek Lewitowicz 5

Surprising phenomena in light nuclei N=Z Shape coxistence Oblate Spherique Prolate rp pr n-p pairing ss e oc s r 2 p radioactivity s ce o r p Modification of Shells Moleculs 4, 6…n? Halos 6

Nuclear Clusters & Molecules Types of nuclear molecules 7

r process 8

Marek Lewitowicz 9 Courtesy of H. Schatz

Neutrons For Science at SPIRAL 2 ”n. TOF - like” facility üCross sections measurements üMaterial study for reactors X. Ledoux The time structure of the LINAG accelerator gives a neutron energy resolution of 1% at only 10 m To. F basis (500 k. Hz and 28µA of d) Marek Lewitowicz 10

SPIRAL 2 « Physics Case » coordinator G. De France Final Version of the document (including new chapters on interdisciplinary research and on the facility) - beginning of 2006 on www. ganil. fr > 110 contributors M. Lewitowicz 11

Existing GANIL Accelerators CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams E < 25 AMe. V, 1 - 8 AMe. V for FF Existing GANIL Exp. Area Direct beam line CIMEG 1/G 2 caves Production Cave C converter+UCx target 1014 fissions/s Low energy RNB (DESIR) RFQ Stable Heavy-Ion Exp. Hall Superconducting LINAC E ≤ 14. 5 AMe. V for heavy Ions A/q=3 E ≤ 20 A Me. V for deuterons (A/q=2 ions) E ≤ 33 Me. V for protons Marek Lewitowicz Heavy-Ion ECR source (A/q=3), 1 m. A Deuteron source 5 m. A

Regions of the Chart of Nuclei Accessible with SPIRAL 2 Beams Primary beams: deuterons heavy ions Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n, ), (p, n) etc. SHE N=Z Isol+In-flight Transfermiums In-flight Fusion reaction with n-rich beams Fission products (with converter) Fission products (without converter) Deep Inelastic Reactions with RIB High Intensity Light RIB Marek Lewitowicz 13

Performances SPIRAL 2 yields after acceleration compared to other RNB facilities (best numbers for all) Intensity (pps) Kr isotopes Sn isotopes Future Today A Marek Lewitowicz A 14

Operation of GANIL with SPIRAL 2 Operation of the accelerators: 66 weeks today (3 beams) 120 weeks with SPIRAL 2 (5 simultaneous beams) 3 simultaneous beams for nucl. phys. Marek Lewitowicz 15

EURISOL 1 Ge. V protons ISOL 100 A. Me. V FAIR SPIRAL 2 ISOL 1 to 20 A. Me. V SPES ISOL 5 A. Me. V fragmentation MAAF ISOL 200 to 1000 A. Me. V 5 A. Me. V >3 A. Me. V Rex SPIRAL ISOLDE ISOL 3 A. Me. V 25 A. Me. V Running Rex ISOLDE Upgrade ISOL Projects Louvain ISOL 1 -3 A. Me. V Under Construction G S I fragmentation 1000 A. Me. V Design Study 16

Conclusions of the SPIRAL 2 Workshops Intellectual Challenges of SPIRAL 2 and Future Facilities at GANIL o W. Gelletly: GANIL, 1 -2/04/2004 Neutrons for science at SPIRAL 2 o D. Ridikas, M. Heil: GANIL, 13 -14/12/2004 Physics with separated low energy beams at SPIRAL 2 o B. Blank, O. Navillat): GANIL, 4 -5/07/2005 Future prospects for high resolution gamma spectroscopy at GANIL o W. Korten, B. Wadsworth): GANIL, 4 -6/10/2005 Nuclear Astrophysics with SPIRAL 2 o O. Sorlin, K. -H. Langanke): GANIL, 17 -18/10/2005 SPIRAL 2 Reactions o Y. Blumenfeld, W. Catford) : GANIL, 19 -21/10/2005 400 participants Presentations & reports at: www. ganil. fr M. Lewitowicz 17

Preliminary Conclusions of the SPIRAL 2 Workshops NEW DETECTORS FOR SPIRAL 2 Remark: The detectors for the experiments at SPIRAL 2 are not included today in the SPIRAL 2 budget. Other sources of money (ANR, AP IN 2 P 3, GANIL, International Collaborations) should be found Typically, for the existing detectors at GANIL France contributes more than 40% • • Instrumentation for experiments with low energy beams Separator/Spectrometer for high intensity stable beams FAZIA - dynamics array (collaboration just formed officially) Active targets AGATA (Demonstrator and full array) Neutron array(s) (reaction studies, in-beam & decay spectroscopy) Scintillator-based gamma array Modifications of the existing detectors – VAMOS, TIARA, MUST 2, … M. Lewitowicz 18

N IG IS O Ch L + em T ist rap ry + Hall for research with LINAG beams LINAG Beam 19 Maurycy Rejmund

International Collaborations Physics & technique • • • Collaboration NUSTAR-SPIRAL 2 Working groups ISOLDE - Letter of agreement signed LEA* with LNL Legnaro (Italy) in preparation LIA* with RIKEN in preparation Poland - LEA in preparation Romania - Mo. U to be signed today Dubna - Mo. U to be signed next month SARAF (Israël) Mo. U in preparation BARC – TIFR (Bombay) Mo. U in preparation Triumf - Mo. U in preparation Argonne Mo. U in preparation … *LEA = Lab. Europ. Associé *LIA = Lab. Int. Associé 20

Actions Physique SP 2 Current Actions • International groups on new detection systems for SPIRAL 2 (under construction) – Specific SPIRAL 2 Groups • S 3 - Separator/spectrometer (+ targets and associated detectors) for high intensity stable beams (convener A. Villari) • DESIR - Europ Collaboration. For physics with low energy RNB from SPIRAL 2 (spokesman B. Blank) – Already existing European Collaborations • • EXOGAM AGATA « Active targets » (ACTAR-EURONS) AZ 4 (FAZIA) (contacts with NUSTAR) – Working Groups with NUSTAR • • • Neutron detectors (SP 2 contact person: N. Orr) New calorimeter (SP 2 contact person: J. A. Scarpaci) Electronics & DAQ (SP 2 contact person: Patricia Chomaz) Si detectors and associated electronics (SP 2 contact person L. Pollacco) Tracking detectors for low energy beams M. Lewitowicz 21

Actions Physics SP 2 Future Actions • SPIRAL 2 Letters of Intent (Lo. I) – Call for Lo. I - by March 2006 • Lo. I - content (to be discussed): – Physics case (experiment or theory) – Collaboration – Methodology » Beam, detectors etc. – Rough schedule – Evaluation of Lo. I by new SPIRAL 2 SAC - by Summer 2006 – Detailed proposals - by Spring 2007 – Mo. Us on instrumentation to be signed in 2007/2008 M. Lewitowicz 22

Actions Physics SP 2 Future Actions • Workshops § Colloque GANIL (29/05/06 -2/06/06) on SPIRAL 1&2 Physics § WS « Interdisciplinary research with SPIRAL 2 » en 2006 § WS « Theory for the research at SPIRAL 2 » en 2007 § Proposed: Common with NUSTAR § From 2007: § Common NUSTAR/SPIRAL 2 Annual Meetings ? § Participation in the 7 th FP § New instrument: construction of infrastructures (SPIRAL 2 & ESFRI) § Integrated Infrastructure Initiatives (like EURONS) § Research Infrastructure Actions (like EURISOL) M. Lewitowicz 23

FIN 21/11/05 M. Lewitowicz 24

Performances Accelerated Beam Intensities (pps) Examples Relatively easy beams: Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, I, Xe, Cs See Final APD Report and LINAG Phase I Report on the GANIL Web site for details Marek Lewitowicz 25

Beam Energies from CIME 100 Sn 20+ Isotope Maximum Energy Beam Intensity (Me. V/u) Lower Energies 132 Sn 20+ 6. 0 132 Sn 21+ 6. 7 (pps) 9 2 x 10 132 Sn 22+ 7. 3 1. 7 x 10 132 Sn 23+ 8. 0 1. 2 x 10 8 4 x 10 8 1 x 10 132 Sn Sn 24+ 25+ 8. 7 9. 4 72 Kr 20+ 9 9 Energy range of SPIRAL 2 RIB : < 30 ke. V and 1 -20 Me. V/nucl. F. Chautard Marek Lewitowicz 26

SPIRAL 2 « Physics Case » 1. Structure of exotic nuclei: the challenges 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 3. 1. 4. 1. 5. 1. 6. 1. 7. 2. Masses and drip lines Weakly bound halo, borromean and cluster system Magic numbers and deformations: shell structure far from stability Creation of new elements: superheavy nuclei Symmetries Collective excitation in unstable and weakly bound nuclei What forces are responsible for the binding of nuclei? Dynamics and thermodynamics of charge asymmetric nuclear matter 2. 1. Thermodynamical aspects 2. 2. Large amplitude motion 2. 3. Reaction mechanisms at Fermi energies 3. Elements and their origin 3. 2. Classical novae and X-ray bursts 3. 3. The s-process nucleosynthesis 3. 4. The r-process nucleosynthesis 4. Fundamental interactions: searching for physics beyond the Standard Model 4. 1. 4. 2. 4. 3. 4. 4. 5. Neutrons for science at SPIRAL 2 5. 1. 5. 2. 5. 3. 5. 4. 5. 5. 6. Nuclear structure for examining the Standard Model: the properties of super-allowed -decay Kinematics of -decay: correlation parameters and the quest for new physics First-forbidden -decay Atomic parity non-conservation Introduction Neutron time-of-flight measurements Quasi mono-energetic neutrons Astrophysics with neutrons at SPIRAL 2 Material irradiation studies Interdisciplinary Research: Perspectives offered by SPIRAL 2 M. Lewitowicz 27

SPIRAL 2 LAYOUT GANIL facility LIRAT Production building Hall of DESIR LINAG Marek Lewitowicz Conclusions of the SPIRAL 2 Workshops … 28 See talk of B. Blank

Organisation of SPIRAL 2 Science (Preliminary) Steering Committee SPIRAL 2 Scientific Advisory Committee Int. Collaborations SP 2 (Based on Lo. I/Proposals/Mo. U) -DESIR -S 3 -… Existing Collaborations - NUSTAR - AGATA - EXOGAM - EURONS - EURISOL - FAZIA -… GANIL Management Int. Agreements (techn. /phys. ) -Mo. Us -LEA -LIA Project management - Project Leader - Scientific Coordinator. . Ad hoc working gr. techn. /phys. SPIRAL 2 France Phys. - Co-ordin. in the IN 2 P 3& CEA Labs M. Lewitowicz 29

Yields at SPIRAL 2 56 Based on the PARRNe results 54 52 Production of accelerated beam in part. /s 48 1010 – 1011 2 x 109 – 1010 109 – 2 x 109 46 2 x 108 – 109 108 – 2 x 108 2 x 107 – 108 107 – 2 x 107 38 2 x 106 – 107 2 x 105 – 2 x 106 Stable 36 34 32 50 Hot plasma ion source 1014 fiss. /s 30 Z 28 Marek N Lewitowicz Courtesy of F. Ibrahim 30

STRUCTURE OF MATTER Electrons Protons Neutrons Crystal of salt Atoms Nucleus Quarks 31