SpinradWorld History The Allied Victory Chapter 16 4
- Slides: 15
Spinrad/World History The Allied Victory Chapter 16 -4
The Allied Victory • December 22, 1941 Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt meet to develop a war policy. Stalin had asked for help to split Germany into 2 separate fronts – Churchill agreed
The Tide Turns on Two Fronts • The North African Campaign – Rommel takes Tobruk, Libya June 1942; pushes toward Egypt – British General Montgomery fiercely attacks at El Alamein, forces Rommel back and retreated west – American forces land in Morocco, November 1942 – Operation Torch – General Dwight D. Eisenhower – American commander in Morocco – In May 1943, Rommel’s forces were defeated by Eisenhower and Montgomery’s forces
The Tide Turns on Two Fronts • The Battle for Stalingrad – Summer 1942, German army moves to capture Soviet oil fields – August 23, 1942, Battle of Stalingrad – Soviets, Germans battle for control of city • Luftwaffe – nightly bombing raids on city • By November – Germans controlled 90% of city – but then were surrounded and trapped • By February 1943 90, 000 frost bitten Germans surrendered
The Tide Turns on Two Fronts • The Invasion of Italy – U. S. , British forces land on, capture Sicily on July 19, 1943 – Mussolini loses power but Germans keep control of northern Italy • Victor Emanuel III had him arrested – Allies invade Italy, but Germans keep fighting there until war ends – Italy surrenders September 3, 1943
The Allied Home Fronts • Mobilizing for War in US – Fighting the war requires complete use of all national resources – 17 to 18 million US workers – many of them women – make weapons – People at home face shortages of consumer goods – Propaganda aims to inspire civilians to aid war effort • War Limits Civil Rights – Japanese Americans face prejudice, fear – Army puts Japanese Americans in interment camps in 1942
US Mobilization
Japanese Internment
Japanese Internment
Victory in Europe • The D-Day Invasion – Allies plan invasion of France; use deception to confuse Germans – D-Day – June 6, 1944; day of “Operation Overlord” invasion of France – Allied forces capture Normandy beaches; liberate Paris by September • The Battle of the Bulge – US, British forces advance on Germany from west, Soviets from east – Battle of the Bulge – German counterattack in December 1944 – Germans gain early success but forced to retreat
Victory In Europe • Germany’s Unconditional Surrender – By 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from two sides – Soviets surrounded Berlin in April 1945 – Hitler commits suicide – On May 9, 1945, Germany officially surrenders, marking V-E Day – President Roosevelt dies in April; Harry Truman becomes President
Soviets Take Berlin
Victory in Pacific • The Japanese in Retreat – Allies move to retake the Philippines in late 1944 – Battle of Leyte Gulf leaves Japanese navy badly damaged – Kamikazes – Japanese pilots who fly suicide mission – In March 1945, American forces capture Iwo Jima – US takes Okinawa in June 1945; Japan suffers huge casualties
Victory in the Pacific • The Japanese Surrender – Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan will cost many lives – He has alternative; powerful new weapon called atomic bomb – Manhattan Project – secret program to develop the atomic bomb
– Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945; about 75, 000 die – Nagasaki bombed on August 9; 70, 000 die immediately – Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945 on the battleship Missouri
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