SpinradWorld History COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER IN CHINA CAUSES

Spinrad/World History COMMUNISTS TAKE POWER IN CHINA

CAUSES OF CHINESE REVOLUTION � Nationalism-Desire to drive out foreign influence � Modernization- Desire to build modern, industrial economy, military

FALL OF IMPERIAL CHINA- 1911 � Last Chinese Emperor Overthrown by Chinese Nationalists led by Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) � Create Republic of China with Sun as pres. � Dedicated to nationalism, democracy, and economic security

PROBLEMS FOR REPUBLIC � Weak leadership, Warlord Rebellions, protests, WWI, corruption, and Civil War

TWO OPPOSING VIEWS � Kuomintang- China’s nationalist party led by Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai Shek) � Communists- New party based on Lenin’s ideas led by Mao Zedong

CHINESE CIVIL WAR 1930 -1949 � Nationalists tried to fight communists instead of Japanese invaders � Money often ended up in hands of corrupt officers � Bigger army than the communists � Received little popular support � Communists warfare helped by peasants & guerilla

THE LONG MARCH 1933 � Daring Army Communist retreat, saves the Red

JAPANESE INVASION 1937 � Japan invades China � Communists and Nationalists join against Japan � US sends nationalist government $billions

MAO’S VICTORY 1949 � Civil War resumes after Japanese defeat � With China’s economy collapsing, thousands of Nationalist soldiers deserted to the communists � By spring, 1949, China’s major cities fell to the well-trained communist forces � Red Army wins entire country by October, 1949 � Nationalists retreat to Taiwan

2 CHINAS � People’s Republic of China- Mao’s Communist government in mainland China � Republic of China- Jiang’s Nationalist gov. on Taiwan

THE TWO CHINAS AFFECT THE COLD WAR � Jiang Jieshi fled to Taiwan and the US helped him set up a nationalist government on that small island: the Republic of China � Soviet Union gave financial, military, and technical aid to Communist China � The US tried to halt Soviet expansion in Asia by setting up a separate non-communist state in the southern half of Korea

EXPANSION � Communists expand China into Tibet, Mongolia, & India

MAO’S REFORMS � Redistributes land to peasants, millions of landlord’s killed � Collective farms created � Private companies given to government � 5 -year plan to grow industry and mining

THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD � Plan to create giant communes, expand industry � Famine kills 20 million � “Backyard Industries” hamper growth

CULTURAL REVOLUTION 1966 -1968 � Mao encourages Chinese youth to “Learn Revolution” � Tried to create society where peasants and workers rule � Closed schools, colleges, art houses � Mao’s “little red book” of quotations was required reading � Threatens civil war, so Mao ended it