Spinrad World History Nationalism in India and Southwest

Spinrad World History Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia

Ch. 14. 4 Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia Many upper class Indians who attended British schools began to apply the European ideas of nationalism and democracy to India.

I. Indian Nationalism grows A. World War I Increases Nationalist Activity 1. The two groups in India (Muslim and Hindu) shared the same goal of independence from the British 2. Upon return from WW I, Indian troops expected reforms that were promised for their participation in the war; unfortunately Britain did not keep these promises.

I. Indian Nationalism grows A. World War I Increases Nationalist Activity 3. Indians protested forcing the British to enact the Rowlatt Act which allowed the British to jail any protestor

B. Amritsar Massacre 1. 10, 000 Hindus and Muslims flocked to Amritsar to protest the Rowlatt act and a British commander fired on the protestors killing 400 and wounded 1, 200. 2. The Amritsar Massacre sparked outrage and millions of Indians changed from being loyal British subjects to nationalists wanting their own country.

II. Gandhi’s Tactics of Nonviolence A. Noncooperation 1. Mohandas K. Gandhi strategy to fight British rule evolved from three major religions of the world; Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism.

II. Gandhi’s Tactics of Nonviolence A. Noncooperation 2. When the British failed to punish the officers responsible for the Amritsar massacre, Gandhi urged the Indian National Congress to defy British rule; so in 1920 the Congress Party endorsed civil disobedience-refusal to obey any unjust law and non-violence-as the means to achieve independence.

B. Boycotts 1. Cloth was a source of wealth for the British. Gandhi staged a successful boycott on British cloth, urging all Indians to weave their own cloth, and this took an economic toll on the British.

C. Strikes and Demonstrations 1. Gandhi’s civil disobedience also took an economic toll on the British as it affected the running of trains, the operation of factories, and created over-crowded jails

D. Salt March 1. To protest the hated Salt Acts which forced Indians to only buy salt from the British, Gandhi marched to the sea with other protestors and they began making their own salt; this was called the Salt March.

D. Salt March 2. Protestors then marched on a British salt processing plant where they were beaten savagely with steel tipped clubs; this won world wide support for Gandhi

III. Britain Grants Limited Self Rule A. Govt of India Act of 1935 1. Gandhi and his followers gradually reaped rewards from their civil disobedience. The Govt of India Act provided local self govt. and limited democratic elections but not total independence; tensions would grow between Muslim and Hindu’s 2. Outnumbered Muslim Indians feared Hindus would control India

IV. Nationalism Spreads to Southwest Asia • Turkey becomes a republic – Mustafa Kemal separates the laws of Islam from the laws of the nation • Persia becomes Iran – The Shah kept all power and attempted to modernize the country • Saudi Arabia keeps Islamic traditions – Unlike Turkey and Iran, the Saudis kept all traditions • Oil resources spur economic development