Spinal Function Sort Lab Functional Capacity Assessments Kinesiology

Spinal Function Sort Lab - Functional Capacity Assessments Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 1 11/23/2020

Introduction SFS is a basic test used to provide a baseline measure of function. l It measures a clients perceived competence. l To quantify the “perceived ability to perform work tasks that involve the spine in various ways. ” l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 2 11/23/2020

Concept - SFS based on is: l “An individuals perception of capability both precedes and reflects the development of capability. ” l It is widely accepted that the disabled person’s perception of dysfunction is an important starting point for functional capacity evaluation. l Individuals may either over estimate physical limitations or underestimate physical abilities. Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 3 11/23/2020

Concept The SFS is used in clinical settings as a comparison - functional tests, SMS report, or in combination. l Measures current perception of abilities. l 50 drawings in the test booklet is accompanied by a simple narrative or task description. l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 4 11/23/2020

Overview of SFS “Why its good” Reliable and valid test, quick easy. l Identify possible CPD, or malingering l RTW - Own Occ. , Alt. Occ. , Mod. Occ. l Disability / Ability indicator l Rehab. Efficacy l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 5 11/23/2020

Method / Procedure l The SFS is an untimed paper and pencil test. (8 min. max. ) l The evaluee is instructed. “Look at each drawing and read the description. On separate answer sheet, indicate your current level of ability to perform the task. ” l A 5 -point rating from “Able” to “Restricted” to “Unable. ” There is also a sixth indicator which is depicted as “? ” and indicates, “I don’t know. ” Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 6 11/23/2020

SFS Pic. Example Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 7 11/23/2020

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Example Score Sheet Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 26 11/23/2020

Reliability - Cross check l l l Item 17 is very similar to 4 evaluator checks it at completion. Item 6 is very similar to 50 intra-test consistency This is recorded and noted, as is “? ”. All scores are recorded and tallied and compared to norm data and reliability measures. See sheet ! (In your handouts) Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 27 11/23/2020

Reliability l Items can be read to the evaluee who is illiterate, although the combination of text and pictures allows evaluees with low literacy levels to complete the test independently. l “Rating of Perceived Capacity” scores range from zero to 200. Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 28 11/23/2020

Reliability l The SFS Rating of Perceived Capacity score can be cross-referenced to the U. S. Department of Labor’s Physical Demand Characteristic of Work system. (Job Match/ Classification). Scores of 100 -110 = Sedentary Scores of 125 - 135 = Light Scores of 165 - 175 = Medium Scores of 180 - 190 = Heavy 196 - 200 = Very Heavy Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 29 11/23/2020

Physical Demand Characteristics of Work 1993 Leonard N. Matheson, Ph. D Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 30 11/23/2020

Percentile rank - Comparison l 90 th and above ü “Superior” l 70 th to 85 th ü Above Average l 35 th to 65 th ü Average l 15 th to 30 th ü Below Average l 10 th and below ü Inferior Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 31 11/23/2020

Real World Demo l l l l Review file - Health history and referral request. Prepare comfortable seated test area. (Paper & Pencil) - lighting, desk heights. Meet & greet - Mentally make notes of function. Explain test - Make notes of function. Monitor - Make notes of function. Review result (“I don’t knows & cross check”) Thank & prepare for FCE (next test protocol) Evaluate results and report Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 32 11/23/2020

NIOSH Lift Equation Lab - Assessment of Safe Permissible Limits in Lifting By: Group 13 - Malcolm Sutherland, Mike Weatherston, Jesse Sibbald, Matt Verboom Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 33 11/23/2020

Introduction Description of who, what & why l Example of lift and Ergo’s role in data capture and analysis. l Components of data set required l Measurement tools l NIOSH Equation l NIOSH resources l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 34 11/23/2020

Who is NIOSH l l NIOSH stands for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The original reference for this tool is: Badger, Donald W. "Work Practices Guide For Manual Lifting. " U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Publication No. 81 -122, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1981. Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 35 11/23/2020

l l l NIOSH updated this tool in 1991 -the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation. The new equation increased the types of task variables the tool could assess. Waters, Thomas R. ; Putz-Anderson, Vern; Garg, Arun. Applications Manual For The Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94 -110, 1994. Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 36 11/23/2020

What is it used for? Lifting Equation is a tool used to identify, evaluate, or classify some risks associated with a lifting task. l Performed to determine safe lifting limits for person completing the lifts. l It calculate the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) and the Lifting Index (LI) l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 37 11/23/2020

Terms l l RWL -recommended weight of the load that nearly all healthy workers could lift over a period of time (up to eight hours) without an increased risk of developing lifting related low back pain or injury, given all other task parameters remain unchanged. The LI is a relative estimate of the physical stress associated with a manual lifting job. As the magnitude of the LI increases, the level of the risk for a given worker increases, and a greater percentage of the workforce is likely to be at risk for developing lifting-related low back pain. Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 38 11/23/2020

When & for whom is it used? l l Performed at the request of Employer, Industry group, Health & Safety Rep. , worker. Performed as part of PDA or specific to lift requirement. When estimating the risk of a two-handed, manual lifting task. When evaluating a lifting task that may be complex including trunk rotation, different types of hand coupling (grip), repetitiveness, and duration. Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 39 11/23/2020

Ergonomists use it when they need to: l l determining a relatively safe or unsafe load weight for a given task. determining solutions and changes to lift or worksite (accomodations) compare the relative risk of two lifting tasks. when prioritizing jobs for further ergonomic evaluation/action or accomodation. Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 40 11/23/2020

Lift Example Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 41 11/23/2020

Data Set l l l weight of the object being lifted Horizontal and vertical hand locations (see key locations in the lifting task Frequency rate of the lift Duration of the lift Type of coupling Any angle of twisting. Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 42 11/23/2020

NIOSH Equation LC= Load Constant HM= Horizontal Multiplier (25/H) VM= Vertical Multiplier (0. 82 + (4. 5/D)) DM= Distance Multiplier (1 -(0. 003[v-75]) AM= Asymmetric Multiplier (1 -(0. 0032 A)) FM= Frequencey Multiplier (Table 1) CM= Coupling Multiplier (Table 2) Values LC = 20 kg HM= 0. 42 VM= 1. 111 DM= 0. 84 AM= 1. 0 FM= 1. 0 CM= 0. 95 Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 43 11/23/2020

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Table 1 Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 45 11/23/2020

Table 2 Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 46 11/23/2020

NIOSH Equation RWL (Recommended Weight Limits) l RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM l RWL = 20 x 0. 42 x 1. 111 x 0. 84 x 1. 0 x 0. 95 = 7. 44 Lifting Index (LI) = Weight of Load/RWL = 20 kg/7. 44 = 2. 69 l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 47 11/23/2020

NIOSH RECOMENDATION NIOSH’s perspective = lifting tasks with a LI > 1. 0 pose an increased risk for liftingrelated low back pain and injury. l The goal should be to design all lifting jobs to achieve a LI of 1. 0 or less. l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 48 11/23/2020

Interpretation of LI values LI > 1 = Engineering/administrative controls must be implemented l LI ≤ 1 = Lift is acceptable l Our LI value = 2. 69 l Therefore, lift is problematic l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 49 11/23/2020

Review Results of NIOSH Safe or Unsafe lift l Advice to modify lift such as education on lifting mechanics, lifting assistance, improved coupling, new packaging/placement/storage of load, mechanical assisted lifting devices l Report to person requesting in PDA or report l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 50 11/23/2020

Resources NIOSH on web l WCB British Columbia - NIOSH lift calculator www 2. worksafebc. com/calculator l Kinesiology - 4310 Ergonomics 51 11/23/2020