sphere of influence a region in which one

• sphere of influence • a region in which one or more countries exerts political, economic, and social control over another country or area, influencing behavior, trade, and government. • Open Door Policy • elimination of special trading privileges in Chinese ports; maintenance of Chinese independence

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898 -1901)

the situation in Cuba By 1825, Spain only had Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines in its overseas possessions 1868 -1878: Cuba's failed bid for independence 1895: second try for independence

the situation in Cuba 1896: Spain responds to revolt, sends Gen. Valeriano Weyler to restore order moved ~300, 000 Cubans to concentration camps; thousands died

journalists' ethics guidelines Read the Society of Professional Journalists' ethics guidelines. For each category, choose two that you feel are most important for journalists to adhere to

yellow journalism a style of journalism in 1890 s that used melodrama, romance and hyperbole to sell newspapers little respect for reporting accuracy reporting only one side overdramatized, sensationalized

yellow journalism two major newspaper publishers: Joseph Pulitzer (New York World) William Randolph Hearst (New York Journal)

Crucible of Empire What is the de Lome letter? What role did yellow journalism play in the escalation of the threat of war?

Jan. 25, 1898

YELLOW JOURNALISM TODAY?

What role does the modern news media have in shaping public opinion?

Remember the Maine! • U. S. declares war on Spain (April 20, 1898)

Philippines • First battle of Spanish-American War: • May 1, 1898: Manila Bay • December: Spain gives the Philippines to U. S. for $20 million • • 1898 -1902: fighting between U. S. and Philippines for Filipino independence The Philippines became independent in 1946

Cuba • U. S. blockaded Cuba • • July 1, 1898: U. S. victory at San Juan Hill 1900: Cuba writes own constitution, but U. S. insisted on the Platt Amendment

Cuba • Platt Amendment • Cuba cannot make treaties that limits independence or permit foreign powers to control its territories • U. S. can intervene to maintain Cuban independence • Cuba cannot go into debt • U. S. can buy or lease land for naval and fueling stations • protectorate: a country whose affairs are partially controlled by another, stronger power

Puerto Rico • Spain gives U. S. Puerto Rico as part of Treaty of Paris, 1898 • 1917: Puerto Ricans granted U. S. citizenship • 1947: right to elect own governor • 1952: adopts own constitution

Roosevelt Corollary (to the Monroe Doctrine) – Europe must not intervene in western hemisphere, but warned that disorder in Latin America might “force the U. S. to the exercise of an international police power” to protect U. S. economic interests – also known as: Big Stick Diplomacy

• dollar diplomacy – the aggressive promotion of American foreign policy through the use of American economic investments, particularly in Third World nations missionary (or moral) diplomacy – U. S. has the moral responsibility to deny recognition of any Latin American gov't it sees as oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to U. S. interests

Homework Using your notes, chart and the pro-con chart from earlier in the unit, do the following: Evaluate the causes, course and consequences of American imperialism. How justifiable were America's actions? Rate your answer from 1 (completely NOT justifiable) to 5 (totally justifiable) We will discuss as a class.