Speed Measurement Techniques Urvish Importance Industrial Paper Industry

Importance • Industrial • Paper Industry Printing Press • Motor /Turbine Pump / Compressor

Instrument for Speed Measurement • Tachometer: – Mechanical • Revolution Counter • Resonance –

Tachometer Stroboscopic tachometer Mechanical Optical Electrical D. C. tachometer Revolution Counter Resonance A. C.

Humidity in process industries • For maintaining Quality of the product •

HUMIDITY • AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR IN THE AIR SPECIFIC HUMIDITY • DESCRIBED AS

RELATIVE HUMIDTY • % OF THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR (SATURATION) THAT AN

The “Dry Bulb” = Air Temp • Don’t let it fool you. It is

The “Wet Bulb” • Has a little wet booty tied to the bottom. •

A Dry Day… • A lot of moisture will evaporate. 20°C • The wet

A Humid Day… • A little bit of moisture will evaporate. • The wet

Dry-bulb temperature = air temperature. 20 °C

Infrared absorption hygrometer method • MOST IMP

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Speed Measurement Techniques Urvish

Importance • Industrial • Paper Industry Printing Press • Motor /Turbine Pump / Compressor Over Speed Detection and Trip for safety assurance • Defense • Missile Speed Detection • Common • Speed detection in ( Transportation) Car /Bikes …

Instrument for Speed Measurement • Tachometer: – Mechanical • Revolution Counter • Resonance – Electrical • • D. C. tachometer A. C. tachometer Induction sensor tachometer Magnetic tachometer – Optical • photo electric method – Stroboscopic tachometer

Tachometer Stroboscopic tachometer Mechanical Optical Electrical D. C. tachometer Revolution Counter Resonance A. C. tachometer Induction sensor tachometer Magnetic tachometer photo electric method

Revolution Counter

D. C. tachometer

A. C. tachometer

Magnetic tachometer

Optical

Stroboscope

Moisture And Humidity Measurement

Humidity in process industries • For maintaining Quality of the product •

Moisture in process industries

HUMIDITY • AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR IN THE AIR SPECIFIC HUMIDITY • DESCRIBED AS THE MASS (WEIGHT) OF WATER VAPOR PER MASS OF DRY AIR

RELATIVE HUMIDTY • % OF THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR (SATURATION) THAT AN AIR SAMPLE CAN HOLD (KEEP IN SUSPENSION) AT A GIVEN TEMPERATURE DEW POINT • TEMPERATURE AT WHICH SATURATION OCCURS FOR A SPECIFIC AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR

hygrometer

The “Dry Bulb” = Air Temp • Don’t let it fool you. It is just a thermometer. 20°C

The “Wet Bulb” • Has a little wet booty tied to the bottom. • Gets cool when water evaporates. Wet Booty 12°C

A Dry Day… • A lot of moisture will evaporate. 20°C • The wet bulb will be a lot cooler than the dry bulb. Difference between wet bulb & dry bulb is 12 °C. 20°C 14°C 12°C 8°C

A Humid Day… • A little bit of moisture will evaporate. • The wet bulb will not be much cooler than the dry bulb. 20°C Difference between wet bulb & dry bulb is 6 °C. 14°C

Wet and dry bulb type hygrometer

Dry-bulb temperature = air temperature. 20 °C

Hair Hygrometer

Thin film capacitance type hygrometer

Infrared absorption hygrometer method • MOST IMP

Work On IR Absorption