Speech and speech disorders Component of Speech n

Speech and speech disorders

Component of Speech n Formulation: n Site Mechanism Disorder……. . Aphasia or dysphasia n Articulation: n n n Site Mechanism Disorder…. Dysartheria

Anatomical and physiological considerations n Speech process take place in tow main mechanisms or steps: 1 - Receiving (sensory) mechanism n 2 - Expressing (motor) mechanism n n Spoken. . speech…one. have. to. hear(audit. S. area). . to. under stand(audit. psy. area) Written speech…one have to see(vis. S area). . to understand(vis. psy. area) Then to wernicke&concept areas…Then to Brocas&exner. areas…motor areas. . cor. bul. t. . cor. S. t. . healthy basal G&cerebellum

Speech disorders n Disorders of formulation Aphasia n Disorders of articulation Dysartheria

Aphasia

? ? How to test speech Test understanding Test spontaneous speech looking for; Flow of speech Content Any paraphasia Slurring or other productive speech disorders Test repetition Test naming and word finding Test reading Test writing

What you finds and what does it ? ? mean Global aphasia n Wernicke’s aphasia n Broca’s aphasia n Conductive aphasia n Transcortical sensory aphasia n Transcortical motor aphasia n Nominal aphasia n

Transcortical motor aphasia Transcortical Sensory aphasia Concept area X Wernick’s aphasia X conductive aphasia X Global aphasia Broca’s area X Broca’s aphasia

Clinical criteria of dysphasic disorders Comprehens ion Fluency Repetition Wernick’s. . No No Broca’s … ok Ok ’meaningless’ No Conductive. . ok ok No Transcortical motor Transcortical sensory Global … ok No ok ok No No

Dysartheria

Causes n n Cortico-spinal tract lesion n n UMNL Unilateral lesion Bilateral lesion Character of speech: Extrapyramidal lesions Cerebeller lesions n LMNL

Other rare speech disorders Palilalia n Echolalia n Coprolalia n Mutism n Aphonia n stuttering n