Specialized Cells and Differentiation Stem Cells Cell Specialization
- Slides: 10
Specialized Cells and Differentiation Stem Cells Cell Specialization Cell Differentiation
► Fact: The human body contains 10 to 100 trillion cell ► ► 1 x 103 ► ► There are more than 200 different types of cells – bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, and so on. All these cells arose from a single cell (the zygote) with a single set of DNA instructions
What are Stem Cells? ► stem cells are unspecialized cells that can become any type of cell in the body § can become a: ►nerve cell ►muscle cell ►bone cell ►blood cell ►etc. ► stem cells do not have a specific purpose § they must receive a signal in order to specialize
Types of Stem Cells ► there are 3 types of stem cells: § totipotent ►can become ANY cell in the § ie: early embryonic stem cell body § pleuripotent ►can become almost any cell in the body § ie: blastocystic embryonic stem cell, fetal stem cells § multipotent ►can become only certain types of cells § ie: umbilical stem cells, adult stem cells
Differentiation ► differentiation is the series of events through which stem cells develop into specialized cells ► the cell becomes altered to suit its specific function ► scientists are interested in this process because they can potentially treat many diseases by repairing damaged tissues
Specialization ► all stems cells have the potential to become any other cell in the body ► in a multi-cellular organism, specialized cells become tissues that work collectively to perform a certain task § ie: a cardiac muscle cell work with other cardiac muscle cells to form the muscles of the heart
Types of Tissues ► there are 4 basic types of tissues in the body: § Muscle Tissues ►enables the body parts to move, exert force, or change shape (ie: cardiac, skeletal muscle) § Epithelial ►covers skin) the external and internal body surfaces (ie: § Connective ►strengthens, supports, or connects cells and tissues (ie: cartilage, ligaments) § Nervous ►senses, conducts, and transmits information
Examples of Specialized Cells Muscle Cells Skin Cells Nerve Cell Blood Cells Bone Cells Lung Cells
► https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=j. F 2 i. Xpo G 5 j 8