Special Senses Hearing Reading Chapter 10 C HEARING

Special Senses Hearing Reading: Chapter 10

C. HEARING 1) Outer ear a) auricle = pinna, why is this structure important? & hairs waves hit it b) external auditory meatus = ear canal lined w/ wax glands c) tympanic membrane = “ear drum” vibrates when sound

2) Middle ear a) auditory ossicles window -malleus, incus, stapes -stapes attached to oval b) tympanic cavity -cavity where ossicles are found -Eustachian tube = pressure release, “pop” b/c tympanic membrane moves -bacteria & viruses move up tube to infect middle ear (Otitis media)

3) Inner ear a) Cochlea = a fluid filled tube (coiled “snail shell”) b) Semi-circular canals = 3 structures, monitor angular acceleration c) Utricle & Saccule = within vestibule, monitor linear acceleration NOTE: bony labyrinth & membranous labyrinth

3) Inner ear a) Cochlea = a fluid filled tube (snail shell) 2 windows: 3 tubes: -oval window & round window meet at -scala vestibuli, filled with perilymph helicotrema -scala tympani, filled with perilymph -cochlear duct, filled with endolymph Cochlea “unwound”

3) Inner ear (cochlea con’t) The 3 fluid filled tubes are separated by 2 membranes: a) basilar membrane -separates cochlear duct from scala tympani duct b) vestibular membrane -separates scala vestibuli from cochlear

Organ of Corti: cells) membrane AP’s -a. k. a “spiral organ of corti” -contains hearing transducers (hair -sits on basilar membrane -hair cells stick into tectorial -movement of the hair cells creates *

4) Physiology of hearing a) b) c) d) e) f) Sound waves strike the tympanic membrane Ossicles move, stapes moves pushes into oval window Fluid wave moves the membranes of inner ear Hair cells strike tectorial membrane When hair cells bend, it creates an AP Auditory cortex of ______ lobe interprets sensory impulses NOTE: Round window bulges to relieve fluid pressure in the bony labyrinth

Basilar membrane: -high frequency waves vibrate near oval window -lower pitch sound waves vibrate near helicotrema

Loud vs. Soft Noises Volume increases as more hair cells are stimulated.

5) Deafness - 2 major types a) conduction deafness: Cause: Solution: -lack of conduction to cochlea -ear wax build up -damaged tympanic membrane -damaged ossicles -stimulate cochlea directly

5) Deafness - 2 major types b) nerve deafness: Cause: Corti vestibulocochlear nerve -damage to the organ of -damage to -tumors or bleeding in CNS -some drugs

D. EQUILIBRIUM - inner ear, vision and proprioception 1) utricle & saccule -2 chambers within vestibule -contain hair cells embedded in maculae -otoliths = rocks in maculae -linear or static movement detected -Utricle detects horizontal acceleration -Saccule detects vertical acceleration

2) Semicircular Canals - 3 fluid-filled canals - At right angles to one another - Hair cells embedded in a cupulae (sail) - Detect angular acceleration - Stimulation of the canals causes Post. = cartwheel nystagmus sometimes vertigo Lat. = long axis Sup. =&somersault