Special Education Disabilities Presented By Ernesto Manriquez Disabilities

Special Education Disabilities Presented By: Ernesto Manriquez

Disabilities • There are 13 disability categories • • • • Autism (AU) Deaf-Blindness Deafness Hearing Impairment Emotional Disturbance (ED) Intellectually Disabled (ID) Multiple Disabilities Orthopedic Impairment (OI) Other Health Impairment (OHI) Specific Learning Disability (SLD) Speech / Language Impairment (SI) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Visual Impairment (VI)

Disabilities • High Incidence Disabilities make up 80% of all students with disabilities. • Friend and Bursuck (2012) say students with High Incidence disabilities share the following characteristics: • Often hard to distinguish from students without disabilities especially in a non school settings • Often display a combination of academic, behavioral, and social problems • Can meet same standards as students without disabilities when highly structured interventions are put in place

Disabilities • Low Incidence Disabilities make up 20% of all students with disabilities • Friend and Bursuck (2012) say students with Low Incidence disabilities: • Have received some type of special education service since birth • Need the same attention as students without disabilities

Disabilities • Specific Learning Disability (SLD)- a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. • Characteristics: • Confusion of similar words, difficulty using phonics, problems reading multi-syllable words • Difficulty with comprehension and retention of material that is read, but not with material presented orally • Difficulty with sentence structure, poor grammar, omitted words • Difficulty memorizing basic facts • Problems describing events or stories in proper sequence

Disabilities • Speech and Language Impairment (SI)- a communication disorder such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment that adversely affects a student’s educational performance. • The characteristics of speech or language impairments will vary depending upon the type of impairment involved. Some characteristics include: • • • improper use of words and their meanings articulation errors inability to express ideas inappropriate grammatical patterns reduced vocabulary

Disabilities • Emotional Disturbance (ED)- a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s educational performance: • An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors • An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers • Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances • A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression • A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems

Disabilites • Emotional Disturbance Characteristics: • • • Aggression or self injurious behavior Behavior adversely affects learning Learning difficulty Low self esteem Problem in getting along with others Defiance of authority figures

Disabilities • Intellectually Disabled (ID)- A student with an intellectual disability (ID) is one who has been determined to have significantly sub-average intellectual functioning as measured by a standardized, individually administered test of cognitive ability in which the overall test score /is at least two standard deviations below the mean, when taking into consideration the standard error of measurement of the test; and concurrently exhibits deficits in at least two of the following areas of adaptive behavior: communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety. • Characteristics: • Usually have IQ scores between 55 and 69 • Significant limitations in adaptive behaviors (the ability to adapt and carry on everyday life activities such as self-care, socializing, communicating, etc. ) • May have difficulty articulating needs and wants • Information learned in one setting may not be applied to another • Retention of information taught may be brief • May have trouble seeing the consequences for their action • May have trouble understanding social rules

Disabilities • Hearing Impairment- an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. It is not as severe as deafness. • Characteristics • • • May exhibit unintelligible or no speech Possible speech and/or language delays Usually use hearing aids May use assistive listening devices May use sign language

Disabilities • Orthopedic Impairment (OI)- a severe orthopedic impairment adversely affecting a child’s educational performance, that is caused by a congenital anomaly, a disease (poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis), or impairments from other causes (cerebral palsy, amputations, fractures, or burns that cause contractures). • Characteristics: • • • May have limited mobility May have difficulty writing if upper extremities are involved May have speech difficulties May have limited social interaction skills May have limited ability to perform activities of daily living

Disabilities • Visual Impairment (VI)- means impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness. A licensed ophthalmologist or optometrist determines the child has a progressive medical condition that will result in no vision or a serious visual loss after correction; or has no vision or has a serious visual loss after correction. • Characteristics: • • Lack of content with the environment Difficulty with mobility Difficulty with manipulation of objects Students will need materials adapted

Disabilities • Deaf-Blindness- means impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness. A licensed ophthalmologist or optometrist determines the child has a progressive medical condition that will result in no vision or a serious visual loss after correction; or has no vision or has a serious visual loss after correction.

Disabilities • Other Health Impairment (OHI)- The impairment indicates a child having limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute health problems. This may include asthma, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, and/or Tourette syndrome; and adversely affects a child's education performance.

Disabilities • Autism (AU)- developmental disability that significantly affects verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, and adversely affects a child’ s educational performance. • Characteristics: • • • Very little or no eye contact Difficulty communicating Resistance to being held or touched Difficulty understanding jokes, figures of speech or sarcasm Difficulty reading facial expressions and body language Difficulty understanding the rules Gives spontaneous comments which seem to have no connection to the current conversation Repeats last words or phrases several times. Makes verbal sounds while listening (echolalia) Obsessions with objects, ideas or desires Transitioning from one activity to another is difficult Difficulty with loud or sudden sounds Sensitivity or lack of sensitivity to sounds, textures (touch), tastes, smells or light

Disabilities • Multiple Disabilities- a combination of disabilities defined and who meets all of the following conditions: the student's disability is expected to continue indefinitely; and the disabilities severely impair performance in two or more of the following areas: psychomotor skills; self-care skills; communication; social and emotional development; or cognition.

Disability • Deafness- Deafness is a hearing loss so severe that the student cannot get information through the sense of hearing, even with the use of amplification. • Characteristics • • • May exhibit unintelligible or no speech Possible speech and/or language delays Usually use hearing aids May use assistive listening devices May use sign language

Disabilities • Traumatic brain injury (TBI)- means an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. • TBI applies to open or closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior; physical functions; information processing; and speech. • The term does not apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or to brain injuries induced by birth trauma. • Characteristics: • Difficulty with logic, problem solving, and reasoning • Slower to respond, react and complete activities and tasks • Difficulty remembering facts, procedures, events, etc.

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