Spatial patterns of S dorsalis distribution Materials and

Spatial patterns of S. dorsalis distribution • Materials and Methods: • 0. 5 acre pepper field. • Divided into 60 equal sections. • 10 terminals and 10 fruits were collected from each section. • Each sample was placed in a plastic bag and transported to the laboratory. • Thrips were separated by washing leaves with 70% ethanol. • Numbers were recorded using a binocular microscope.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF S. DORSALIS IN PEPPER FIELD • Spatial distribution patterns were compared by using: • • • Taylor’s power law Iwao’s patchiness regression Index of dispersion Mean crowding Green, s Index Lloyd’s Patchiness Index

Spatial distribution of S. dorsalis Taylor’s power law: log s 2 = log a + b log x Linear regression procedure by Neter & Wasserman, 1974 Iwao’s patchiness regression: x* = alpha + beta x Alpha is a sampling factor depending on the size of the sampling unit Beta is an index of the aggregation in the population b/beta value > 1 = aggregated distribution b/beta value < 1 = regular distribution B/beta value not significantly > 1= random distribution

Distribution of S. dorsalis adults in a scotch bonnet pepper field based on terminal leaf samples Taylor’s Power Law a Iwao’s patchiness regression Plot size (acre) r 2 b r 2 . 001 0. 28 0. 09 0. 63 ag 0. 17 0. 70 0. 56 ag . 002 0. 37 0. 08 0. 38 ag 0. 34 0. 83 0. 39 ra . 005 0. 99 0. 04 re 1. 28 -0. 03 re . 011 0. 99 0. 01 1. 29 ag 0. 99 -0. 28 1. 29 ag 0. 99 a b

Distribution of S. dorsalis adults in a scotch bonnet pepper field based on terminal leaf samples Plot size (acre) Index of Mean dispersion crowding Green’s Index Lloid’s mean crowding . 001 1. 23 1. 30 0. 02 1. 24 . 002 1. 18 1. 25 0. 01 1. 19 . 005 1. 16 1. 24 0. 004 1. 17 . 011 1. 23 1. 30 0. 02 1. 01

Distribution of S. dorsalis larvae in a scotch bonnet pepper field based on terminal leaf samples Taylor’s Power Law Plot r 2 size (A) a Iwao’s patchiness regression b r 2 a b . 001 0. 82 -3. 89 4. 20 ag 0. 86 -29. 54 2. 26 ag . 002 0. 77 -4. 13 4. 39 ag 0. 86 -26. 87 2. 17 ag . 005 0. 99 -5. 35 5. 25 ag 0. 99 -25. 27 2. 13 ag . 011 0. 99 -5. 65 5. 49 ag 0. 99 -29. 87 2. 30 ag

Distribution of S. dorsalis larvae in a scotch bonnet pepper field based on terminal leaf samples Plot size Index of Mean crowding Green’s Index dispersion (acre) Lloid’s mean crowding . 001 8. 17 36. 28 0. 02 1. 21 . 002 8. 47 36. 57 0. 01 1. 23 . 005 8. 60 36. 71 0. 01 1. 24 . 011 9. 08 36. 19 0. 01 1. 26

Distribution of S. dorsalis adults in a scotch bonnet pepper field based on fruit samples Taylor’s Power Law a Iwao’s patchiness regression Plot size (Acre) r 2 b r 2 a b . 001 0. 77 0. 15 1. 50 ag 0. 56 -0. 59 . 002 0. 64 0. 22 1. 68 ag 0. 42 -0. 73 2. 58 ag . 005 0. 30 -0. 54 0. 69 ra 0. 99 0. 16 0. 29 ra . 011 0. 99 -0. 37 0. 38 re 0. 99 0. 32 -0. 44 ra 2. 25 ag

Distribution of S. dorsalis adults in a scotch bonnet pepper field based on fruit samples Plot size (acre) Index of dispersion Mean crowding Green’s Index Loid’s mean crowding . 001 0. 85 0. 20 0. 04 1. 41 . 002 0. 83 0. 18 0. 04 1. 79 . 005 0. 81 0. 16 0. 02 1. 70 . 011 0. 82 0. 16 0. 02 1. 69

Distribution of S. dorsalis larvae in a scotch bonnet pepper field based on fruit samples Taylor’s Power Law Plot size (Acre) Iwao’s patchiness regression r 2 a b . 001 0. 73 0. 19 1. 37 ag 0. 43 -0. 27 2. 09 ag . 002 0. 24 0. 17 1. 16 qg 0. 62 0. 56 0. 71 ra . 005 0. 90 0. 14 1. 02 ag 0. 99 0. 34 1. 04 ag . 011 0. 99 1. 87 7. 44 ag 0. 99 -8. 43 17. 38 ag

Distribution of S. dorsalis larvae in a scotch bonnet pepper field based on fruit samples Plot size (acre) Index of dispersion Mean crowding Green’s Index Lloyd ‘s mean crowding . 001 1. 31 0. 84 0. 04 1. 41 . 002 1. 41 0. 94 0. 04 1. 79 . 005 1. 37 0. 90 0. 02 1. 70 . 011 1. 38 0. 91 0. 02 1. 69

Summary • Both Taylor’s power law and Iwao’s Regression best describe the distribution of S. dorsalis in pepper field. The aggregated pattern of S. dorsalis in a smaller plots was also reflected in Index of dispersion, mean crowding.