Spatial Data Infrastructure GRS21306 Introduction Arnold Bregt 1x

Spatial Data Infrastructure GRS-21306 Introduction Arnold Bregt 1/x

A few examples n GEO (World) n INSPIRE (EU) n PDOK (Netherlands)

Contents Presentation n What is SDI? n Why SDI? n What are the components? n A few examples n Summary

What is SDI? n SDI = Spatial Data Infrastructure n What is Spatial Data? n What is an Infrastructure?

Definition (Oxford dictionary) n “The basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or organization”

Infrastructure n Infrastructure facilitates the production of goods and services

Characteristics of an Infrastructure Time Span Long-term activity (10 -100 yrs) Users Large users groups Funding Tax money or obligatory amount per user Management/ Control Government, monopolist, political debate

Importance of Infrastructure GDP growth Source: César Calderón and Luis Servén, WB

Importance of infrastructure on GDP growth Source: César Calderón and Luis Servén, WB

GINI Coefficient

Importance of infrastructure on inequality Source: César Calderón and Luis Servén, WB

Types of Infrastructure n Physical Infrastructures n Organizational Infrastructures n Information Infrastructures

Infrastructures (Physical)

Infrastructures (organizational)

Infrastructures (Information)

Video on SDI (Spain) Video on SDI (Canada) Video on SDI (Students)

Definitions of SDI n Executive Order of US (1994) National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) means the technology, policies, standards and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data.

Definitions of SDI n Wytzisk and Sliwinski (2004) A SDI can be understood as a multi-leveled, scalable, and adaptable collection of technical and human services, which are interconnected across system, organizational and administrative boundaries via standardized interfaces. Those services enable users from different application domains to participate in value chains by gaining seamless access to spatial information and geoprocessing resources.

Definitions of SDI n Utility view: SDI is a network facility for accessing and sharing spatial data. n Component view: spatial data, standards, policies, technology and people n Utility and goal: a network facility for supporting spatial issues in society accessing and sharing spatial data

Characteristics SDI n n Holistic concept Complex system (see Paper Grus et al. in Reader) Serving the organization/society not only a particular application 5 components and interaction between components

Question n What are the main reasons to initiate SDI development?

Views on SDI n n n Component view CAS view (complex adaptive system) Technological view Organizational view User’s view ? ?

Components Technology People Policies Standards Spatial Data

Spatial Data l Spatial Data sets (Geodetic reference, Cadastre, Topography) Administration Land Use Hydrology Environment l Other. . . l l Technology People Policies Standards Spatial Data

Technology l l l Networks Service Oriented Architecture Web Map server (WMS), Web Feature Service (WFS) Clearinghouses. . . . Technology People Policies Standards Spatial Data

Standards l l Standardization organizations (ISO, CEN, OGC) INSPIRE Implementing rules GML, XML, Meta-data standards Technology People Policies Standards Spatial Data

Policies Technology l l l SDI policy Technology policy Data access policies Data pricing policy reference. . . People Policies Standards Spatial Data

People l l l Data providers Policy makers SDI users Coordinating bodies. . . . Technology People Policies Standards Spatial Data

Question 1 n Can you give an example of the mutual interaction between the 5 components of SDI

A few examples Vertical Relationships Global SDI Regional SDIs National SDIs State SDIs Local SDIs

Exercise 1 n Try to find at least 3 geo portals on the web

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (web-site)

Example Global

Example Regional (Europe)

Example National

Example National (The Netherlands)

Example Local (Spain)

A short history of SDI n 1991 Term SDI from Canada 1994 Clinton Executive Order 12906 (SDI) 1996 GSDI organization 2007 INSPIRE directive n 1998 SDI course in Wageningen n