Sparta Athens Chapter 10 Section 2 Sparta What

Sparta & Athens Chapter 10 Section 2

Sparta � What do we already know about Sparta?

Spartan Society � Dominated by the Military � Lycurgus created society ~900 BCE-600 BCE ◦ Military emphasis was to prevent slave revolts ◦ How do you make a city-state secure and protect it? ◦ Spartan Answer: Military Power ◦ Daily life reflected this emphasis ◦ Discipline, obedience, Courage

Spartan Men � Serve in the army � Newborns: examined for health ◦ Healthy-future soldier ◦ Unhealthy-abandoned � Age 7: boys taken by the state for mandatory training (agoge) � Spartan men would serve in the military until age 60

Agoge � Age 7 -21 (like boot camp for 14 years) � Goal: teach stealth, loyalty to Sparta, military training, hunting, dancing, ability to live with hardship to future Spartan citizens � Boys: run, jump, swim, throw javelins (create basic strength and endurance) ◦ Hardships-no shoes or heavy clothes, minimal food (why? ) ◦ Encouraged to steal, but if caught they were severely punished � Once older: emphasis placed on weapons, phalanx, boxing, wrestling

Spartan Men � ~age 21 Spartans became a part of the Spartan army “walls of Sparta” � Lived in barracks until ~age 30, even if marriedlittle interaction with family (why? ) � Age 30: became a member of the assembly and lived with family � Self-discipline: necessary for soldiers ◦ Reinforce this-tough lives, no luxuries �Comforts make you weak �Simple food and furniture (bare necessities) �Admired by their enemies for discipline

Spartan Women � More rights and authority than other Greek women ◦ Spartan men-away at war �Women stepped up to rule and manage Sparta � Some women owned land � Physical training: ◦ run, jump, wrestle, gymnastics ◦ Create healthy offspring ◦ Different clothing expectations � Most Greek women were expected to make cloth ◦ Spartan women did not-job of slaves: beneath wives and mothers of soldiers

How does Sparta function? � Government: � Two kings-led army � Elected officials (assembly) ◦ Ran day to day stuff, diplomacy � Who does everything else? � Helots-slaves ◦ Grew food and performed all tasks that were “beneath” Spartan citizens ◦ Conquered peoples ◦ Outnumbered Spartans 20: 1 ◦ Feared the army ◦ Made the Spartan society possible

What society is this describing and how do you know? “Reading and writing they gave them, just enough to serve their turn; their chief care was to make them good subjects, and to teach them to endure pain and conquer in battle. ” -Plutarch

Athens � What do we already know about Athens?

Athens � Birth of democracy � Sparta’s rival � Leader vs Persians � Powerful Army � Valued: physical training, education, clear thinking, the arts

Athenian Men � Boys-physical (run, jump, fight) and academic education ◦ Not as harsh as Spartans � All Athenian men served in armyage 18 -20 (defend city) ◦ After age 20 -only in times of war ◦ Age 60 -exempt � Eligible for more formal education ◦ Dependent on what?

Athenian Education Wealthy � Read, write, count, sing, play music � Greek history, legends: Illiad and Poor � Read, write, count (maybe) � Farmers � Private � Tradesmen Odyssey ◦ ◦ tutors Philosophy Geometry Astronomy Public speaking (Why? ) ◦ Grow food for the rich and craftspeople

Athenian Girls & Women � Education: minimal (possibly private tutors) ◦ Weaving & sewing � Lack of rights ◦ No part in government �(assembly or jury) ◦ Confined to home �Except special occasions ◦ Could not own property ◦ Strict obedience �To husband father

Sparta VS Athens � Greco-Persian wars: Allies (common enemy) ◦ After- became rivals (expansion of Athenian power)

Delian League � After Persian Wars: Athens continued protection from Persian Navy ◦ Expanded influence � Many city-states formed alliance ◦ Delian League ◦ Punish Persians, defense, protect trade � Taxed-to pay for goals of Alliance (stored on Delos) � Athens (strongest) ◦ Turned alliance into an Athenian empire ◦ Expanded, misused taxes

Peloponnesian League � Alliance of city-states on the Peloponnesus ◦ Led by Sparta � Concerned by Athens’ power � 431 BCE-Sparta declared war on Athens to stop Athenian expansion

Sparta & allies: Green Athens & allies: Purple

Peloponnesian War (431 -404 BCE) � Phase 1 ◦ Spartans besieged Athens & burned crops surrounding the city (why? ) ◦ Athenian navy �Brought food and supplies into Athens � Attacked Sparta’s allies throughout Greece ◦ Sparta divided army to protect allies ◦ Disease spread through Athens ◦ 10 years later-Truce �Athens kept empire �Spartans returned home

Peloponnesian War (431 -404 BCE) � Phase 2 ◦ 415 BCE-Athens attempted to conquer Sicily �Sicilian forces destroyed Athenian army and most of the navy ◦ Sparta saw opportunity �Attacked Athens �Cut off supplies to Athens (why successful this time? ) ◦ Athens surrendered 404 BCE �Sparta wins Peloponnesian War

Peloponnesian War: Aftermath � Sparta-most powerful city-state in Greece ◦ Rule Greece for 30 years � Other city-states resent Spartan rule � Period of war amongst city-states � Greece became vulnerable to outside threats