SPANISHAMERICAN WAR Aka the splendid little war CAUSES

SPANISHAMERICAN WAR Aka- the splendid little war

CAUSES: 1. 1 st Cuban Rebellion against Spain A. Spanish had oppressed the Cubans in order to profit off of their sugar plantations. 1/3 of the Cubans were enslaved until 1886 Cuban Independence: Unsuccessful 2. 2 nd Cuban War for Independence A. Josi Marti : Cuban Journalist launched the revolution in 1895: Cuba Libre! B. American desire to protect its investments in Cuba C. US supported Cuba economically ($50 million) D. Citizens smuggled guns from Florida to Cuban Rebels

PUBLIC OPINION v. Opinion was SPLIT v. Some want to protect their interest and investments with Spain v. Others are enthusiastic about the Rebel cause Comparing it to the American Revolution! “Cuba Libre” vs. “Give me liberty or Give me Death!”

WAR FEVER ESCALATES Spain sends: General Valeriano Weyler v Herds entire rural population of central and western Cuba into barbed war Concentration camps v. Civilians could not aid rebels v. Thousands die from hunger and disease

CAUSES CONTINUED: 1. Yellow journalism that intensified U. S. public anger at Spain A. William Randolph Hearst: the New York Journal B. (Spanish fed Cuban rebels to sharks and dogs) C. Joseph Pulitzer: the New York World (Cuba: “blood, blood”) 2. The De Lome Letter 1. Written by Spanish Ambassador to the US 2. Intercepted by Cuban Agents and printed in the New York Journal 3. Called Mc. Kinley “weak and a bidder for the admiration of the crowd” 3. The explosion of the USS Maine. A. USS Maine had been sent to Havana Harbor to ensure Americans safety in the event that Rebels attack B. Killed 290 sailors

NEGOTIATIONS? ØMc. Kinley wanted Spain to give Cuba independence ØSO……. . ØSpain refused and war was declared April 25, 1898

THE WAR A. Lasted 4 months and consisted of 2 fronts: Cuba & the Philippines B. Philippines: 1. Roosevelt (Secretary of Navy) instructed George Dewey that if war broke out Philippines must be attacked 1. Victory for the US

C. Cuba: 1. Teller Amendment: once Cuba is freed from Spanish rule, the US would leave the government to the people of Cuba 1. Rough Riders: organized by Roosevelt, it was a group of volunteers to fight A. Seized Kettle Hill then assisted soldiers in seizing San Juan Hill 2. Buffalo soldiers: 9 th and 10 th African American calvarias 1. Victory for US after weeks of fighting

Treaty of Paris. A. Spanish give up claims to Cuba B. US buy Philippines, Puerto Rico, & Guam for $20 million C. Some wanted to annex the Philippines into the US others did not D. July 4, 1946 Philippines were granted full independence E. Guam and Puerto Rico are still owned by the US today

PLATT AMENDMENT 1. Cuba could not make any treaty with another nation that would weaken its independence 2. Cuba had to allow the US to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba 3. Cuba’s debts had to be kept low to prevent foreign countries from landing troops to enforce payment 4. The US would have the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence and keep order.

C. Jay Taylor, Puck, 3 June 1896 "The Cuban melodrama" THE NOBLE HERO (to the HEAVY VILLAIN) “Stand back, there, gol darn ye! If you force this think to a fifth act, remember that’s where I git in my work!”

Detroit News, 1898

Cartoon of three dancing figures representing Hawaii, Cuba and Philippines with caption 'Hurrah For The Fourth Of July We're Coming In On Independence Day Celebrations Too' published in the Minneapolis Journal, July 2, 1898

Chicago Record-Herald, 1901. Miss Cuba Receives an Invitation. MISS COLUMBIA (to her fair neighbor): “Won’t you join the stars and be my 46 th? ”

Represents Cuba entering its second year of independence. W. L. Evans, Cleveland Leader, 1903 After the First Mile.

Chicago Inter Ocean 1905 UNCLE SAM to PORTO RICO: “And to think that bad boy came near being your brother!

HOMEWORK! Read Chapter 18 by Monday! Map Activity!