SPANISH I MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW SER ESTAR VERBOS

SPANISH I MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW SER / ESTAR – VERBOS REGULARES – VERBOS IRREGULARES – VERBOS REFLEXIVOS – PRESENTE CONTINUO Y GERUNDIO – COMANDOS – PROFESIONES – PAISES Y CAPITALES DE HISPANO AMERICA -

VERBOS SER Y ESTAR = VERB TO BE • The verb to be in Spanish can be presented in 2 ways, a permanent one SER means a more permanent condition for example YO SOY JOVEN (I am young) or ELLA ES ALTA Y DELGADA (she is tall and thin) these are more permanent conditions. • And then a temporary one for example TU ESTAS MOJADO POR LA LLUVIA (you are wet from the rain), YO ESTOY CANSADO ( I am tired), ELLOS ESTAN ABURRIDOS (They are bored), these are more temporary conditions. YO SOY YO ESTOY TU ERES TU ESTAS EL / ELLA / USTED ES EL/ ELLA / USTED ESTA NOSOTROS / NOSOTRAS SOMOS NOSOTROS/NOSOTRAS ESTAMOS ELLOS / ELLAS / USTEDES SON ELLOS / ELLAS / USTEDES ESTAN

VERBOS REGULARES NOTICE HOW THE STEM NEVER CHANGE LAVAR PRENDER ABRIR BARRER LIMPIAR CORTAR LEER YO LAVO PRENDO ABRO BARRO LIMPIO CORTO LEO TU LAVAS PRENDES ABRES BARRES LIMPIAS CORTAS LEES EL/ELLA/USTED LAVA PRENDE ABRE BARRE LIMPIA CORTA LEE NOSOTROS/AS LAVAMOS PRENDEMOS ABRIMOS BARREMOS LIMPIAMOS CORTAMOS LEEMOS ELLA/ELLOS/ USTEDES LAVAN ABREN BARREN LIMPIAN CORTAN LEEN PRENDEN

IRREGULAR VERBS – NOTICE HOW CHANGE THE STEM. PODER CERRAR ENTENDER PEDIR PREFERIR YO PUEDO CIERRO ENTIENDO PIDO PREFIERO TU PUEDES CIERRAS ENTIENDES PIDES PREFIERES EL / ELLA /USTED PUEDE CIERRA ENTIENDE PIDE PREFIERE NOSOTROS/AS PODEMOS CERRAMOS ENTENDEMOS PEDIMOS PREFERIMOS ELLOS / ELLAS / USTEDES PUEDEN CIERRAN ENTIENDEN PIDEN PREFIEREN VOLVER VESTIR SERVIR PENSAR RECORDAR YO VUELVO VISTO SIRVO PIENSO RECUERDO TU VUELVES VISTES SIRVES PIENSAS RECUERDAS EL / ELLA /USTED VUELVE VISTE SIRVE PIENSA RECUERDA NOSOTROS/AS VOLVEMOS VESTIMOS SERVIMOS PENSAMOS RECORDAMOS ELLOS / ELLAS / USTEDES VUELVEN SIRVEN PIENSAN RECUERDAN VISTEN

IMPERATIVOS AFIRMATIVOS - COMMANDS COMMAND DI HAZ VE PON SAL SE TEN VERB SPANISH DECIR HACER IR PONER SALIR SER TENER VENIR VERB ENGLISH TO SAY TO DO TO GO TO PUT TO LEAVE TO BE TO HAVE TO COME

ALGUNAS ORACIONES CON COMANDOS Some sentences using commands • POR FAVOR, PON LA MESA (Please put the table) • HAZ TU TAREA (Do your homework) • SAL DE LA CLASE (Leave the Class)

PRESENTE CONTINUO – PRESENT PROGRESSIVE • Present Progressive or Present Continuo is used to express an action that you do in the present and keep doing it. For example I am reading (Yo estoy Leyendo) which means that you do that action and keep doing it. • The present progressive form have to follow a structure: To be + Present participle ( I am working) Working is in participle form (ING) in Spanish it’s called GERUNDIO and depends on the ending of the verb. If ends in AR= ANDO if ends in IR or ER = IENDO and if it starts with 2 vowels will be YENDO for example: LEER = Leyendo – OIR = Oyendo

• So, when we talk about Gerundio or present participle we are talking about the following form: Trabajando (Working) – Hablando (Talking) Escuchando (Listening) – Oyendo (Hearing) – Leyendo (Reading) etc. • Now when we talk about present Progressive (Presente Continuo) We are talking about the sentences structure as Followed: Pronombre + Verbo Estar + Gerundio Yo estoy Trabajando Tu estas Trabajando El / Ella / Usted esta trabajando Nosotros/as estamos trabajando Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes estan Trabajando

• When in a test you are required to conjugate in present progressive form, you must conjugate as followed: • Verbo Comparar (To Buy) Yo estoy Comprando Tu estas comprando El/ Ella/ Usted esta comprando Nosotros/as estamos comprando Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes estan comprando - Another example Verbo Leer - Yo estoy Leyendo - Tu estas Leyendo - El / Ella / Usted esta Leyendo

Verbos Reflexive verbs are used to indicate an action that is reflected to oneself or to the person that is doing it. If the subject in a sentence performs an action on itself, then the verb is considered to be reflexive, and the pronoun used to receive the action is reflexive. For example, consider the sentence, "Yo me baño, " (I bathe myself, or I take a bath). The verb is reflexive, and "me" is the reflexive pronoun.

You should have memorized the set of pronouns called “reflexive pronouns. ” me (myself) te (yourself) se (himself, herself, yourself) nos (ourselves) se (themselves, yourselves)

LAVARSE yo me lavo I wash (myself) tú te lavas you wash (yourself) (informal) él/ella se lava he/she washes (him/herself) usted se lava you wash (yourself) (formal) nosotros/as nos lavamos we wash (ourselves) ustedes se lavan you-all wash (yourselves) (formal) ellos/as se lavan they wash (themselves)

PONERSE (To put on oneself) CEPILLARSE (To brush oneself) YO ME PONGO YO ME CEPILLO TU TE PONES TU TE CEPILLAS EL / ELLA / USTED SE PONE EL / ELLA / USTED SE CEPILLA NOSOTROS/AS NOS PONEMOS NOSOTROS/AS NOS CEPILLAMOS ELLOS/ ELLAS / USTEDES SE PONEN ELLOS/ ELLAS / USTEDES SE CEPILLAN

In a separate Sheet of paper. Name and last Name (Pop Quiz) • Write the present participle form of verb “Trabajar”(To Work) (20 Points) • Write the Gerundio form of the verb “Leer” (To Read) (20 Points) • Conjugate in present progressive form “Comprar” (To Buy) (30 Points) • Conjugate in reflexive form the Verb “Cepillarse” (To Brush) (30 Points)