Spanish Colonies The Spanish colonized most of Latin

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Spanish Colonies • The Spanish colonized most of Latin America • Treaty of Tordesillas

Spanish Colonies • The Spanish colonized most of Latin America • Treaty of Tordesillas determined who could colonize parts of Latin America (Spanish or Portuguese). • Encomienda System – (plantations) Natives were used to work the Spaniard’s farms. Natives died (small pox and exhaustion) and were replaced with Black African Slaves. • Social classes – – Peninsulares, creoles, mestizo, mulatto, natives and black slaves

Independence Movements • Creoles were wealthy and educated, but had little to no political

Independence Movements • Creoles were wealthy and educated, but had little to no political power. • Educated about the French Revolution and American Revolution – Desired political power within colonies, and independence from Spain. – Napoleon (French) had defeat Spain and appointed a Frenchman to be king of Spain • Examples: Simon Bolivar, Jose Martin • Creoles of Latin America led independence movements

Simon Bolivar – “liberator” • During his lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia (including Panama

Simon Bolivar – “liberator” • During his lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia (including Panama at the time), Ecuador, Peru (together with José de Sa Martín), and Bolivia to independence. • Proclamation of 1813 – – Simon Bolivar stated he (and Latin America) would use the means necessary to gain independence from Spain. – “We [Venezuelans] are sent to destroy the Spaniards, to protect the Americans, and to re-establish the republican governments…”

Toussaint L’Ouverture • Led an independence movement in the French colony St. Dominique (Haiti).

Toussaint L’Ouverture • Led an independence movement in the French colony St. Dominique (Haiti). • First Latin American colony to gain independence (1801). • Slave revolt – current and former slaves that fought against the French for independence

Mexican Revolution 1. Father Miguel Hidalgo – led an independence movement against the Spanish

Mexican Revolution 1. Father Miguel Hidalgo – led an independence movement against the Spanish – Failed, and was killed 2. Social Class Revolution (early 1900’s) Disparity between rich (dictator Diaz and political figures) and the poor (peasants/farmers) Pancho Villa (north) and Emiliano Zapata (south) led revolutions for land reform.

Monroe Doctrine • Issued by the U. S. to make sure European powers would

Monroe Doctrine • Issued by the U. S. to make sure European powers would stay out of Latin American affairs. • In return, the U. S. would stay out of European affairs. • Example of U. S. exercising political and economic influence in Latin America. – (Economic imperialism) • The Roosevelt Corollary enforced the Monroe Doctrine

Cuban Revolution • • • Economic Imperialism Batista Fidel Castro July 26 th movement

Cuban Revolution • • • Economic Imperialism Batista Fidel Castro July 26 th movement Bay of Pigs Invasion Rise of communism Cold War Cuban Missile Crisis U. S. /Cuban relations

Colonies in the Americas Spanish Colonies Spanish landColonies in the Americas Spanish Colonies Spanish land
THE COLONIES NORTHERN MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES COLONIESTHE COLONIES NORTHERN MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES COLONIES
The American Colonies Types of Colonies Royal ColoniesThe American Colonies Types of Colonies Royal Colonies
GreenNew England colonies PurpleMiddle Colonies Red Southern ColoniesGreenNew England colonies PurpleMiddle Colonies Red Southern Colonies
Colonies New England Middle Colonies Southern Colonies 13Colonies New England Middle Colonies Southern Colonies 13
The Thirteen Colonies Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen ColoniesThe Thirteen Colonies Thirteen Colonies The Thirteen Colonies