Spanish American War 1 Causes of the Spanish

Spanish - American War 1

Causes of the Spanish - American War Ø Ø Ø Imperialism Social Darwinism Yellow Journalism Militarism Industrial Revolution World Power (land) 2

Imperialism The policy of extending a nation's power by taking landterritorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations 3

Social Darwinism The application of Darwinism to the study of human society, specifically a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority. 4

Yellow Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. 5

Militarism 1. Glorification of the ideals of a professional military class 2. A policy in which military preparedness is of primary importance to a state 6

Industrial Revolution The complex of radical socioeconomic changes, such as the ones that took place in England in the late 18 th century, that are brought about when extensive mechanization of production systems results in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory production 7

World Power Need for new markets to sell goods More land to get raw materials Keep up with European Powers Goals of leadership 8

“To He#* with Spain – Remember the Maine!!” At 9: 40 pm on February 15, 1898, the battleship U. S. S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor 268 men were killed, shocking the American population What or who caused this explosion? http: //www. homeofheroe s. com/wallofhonor/spani sh_am/02_maine. html 9

Waiting for the Facts Who is waiting? Why should we wait for the “facts”? Why might the United States want to go to war? What positive effects or outcomes could come from a war with Spain? 10

Leaders Ø Ø Ø Ø William Mc. Kinley General Fitzhugh Lee Theodore Roosevelt George Dewey William Randolph Hearst General Weyler “The Butcher Emilio Aguinaldo 11

William Mc. Kinley, Jr. (1843 -1901 ) 25 th President of USA Wanted to avoid war in Cuba Yellow journalism and public supported war In April 1898, President Mc. Kinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba. 12

General Fitzhugh Lee Maj. Gen. of CSA Army Worked to have southerners rejoin union peacefully He was one of three ex-CSA generals who were made Maj. Gen. of U. S. Volunteers. Governor of Virginia 1886– 1890 13

Theodore Roosevelt – Assistant Secretary of the Navy. “I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one” First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough Riders. “ Stop, drop, that’s how rough riders roll…. . (DMX) 14

Commodore George Dewey May 1, 1899— Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay During and after the war, George Dewey became one of the war's most celebrated heroes 15

William Randolph Hearst Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism New York Journal started a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war. " 16

General Weyler “The Butcher” In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher, " to Cuba To prevent the insurrection › Weyler built concentration camps where he imprisoned a large portion of the population Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, › Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease 17

Emilio Aguinaldo Ø The Philippines' revolutionary leader Ø Fought first against Spanish imperialism Ø After the end of the Spanish- American War, fought against Americans 18

Events - Timeline Ø 1895: Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish rule Ø 1896: Spanish Gen. Weyler comes to Cuba. Ø 1897: Spain orders Weyler back to Spain Ø Early 1898: USS Maine sent to Cuba Ø February 9, 1898: Hearst publishes Dupuy du Lome's letter insulting Mc. Kinley. 19

Foxborough History Department 20

Sensational Journalism Yellow Journalism or Screaming newspaper headlines about the situation in Cuba in the 1890 s helped fan the flames of war by influencing public opinion in the United States 21

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Foxborough History Department 23

Spanish Politeness Who is holding the knife? Name the ship Is this an example of Yellow Journalism? Explain 24

Events-Timeline (2) Ø February 15, 1898: Sinking of the USS Maine Ø February 25, 1898: Asst Secty of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables Commodore Dewey with plan: attack the Philippines if war with Spain breaks out. Ø April 11, 1898: Mc. Kinley approves war with Spain Ø April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the US Ø April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain 25

Let go of him Mc. Kinley!! Who is Mc. Kinley holding? Who is being attacked? What is the message to the public in 1898? 26

USS Maine Explosion 27

Events-Timeline (3) Ø Ø Ø Ø May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines) May, 1898: July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders" July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago - Spain's Caribbean fleet destroyed. July 7, 1898: Hawaii annexed July 17, 1898: City of Santiago surrenders to General William Shafter August 12, 1898: Spain signs armistice August 13, 1898: US troops capture Manila 28

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Events-Timeline Ø December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris signed - US annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines. Ø January 23, 1899: Philippines declares itself an independent republic Led by Emilio Auginaldo, Ø Ø Ø The self-declared Filipino government fights a guerilla war against the US that lasts longer than the Spanish-American War itself. March 1901: Emilio Auginaldo captured. 1901: US has two naval bases in Cuba & U. S can intervene when needed 1902: US leaves Cuba - except Guitanamo Bay 1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship 30

Map 31

Results of the Spanish American War Treaty of Paris signed on December 10, 1898 ended the Spanish- American War Cuba went free, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were ceded to the US, and the US agreed to pay Spain an indemnity of $20 million America becomes a world power 32

Evaluation Visual Quiz—Who am I? What was my involvement? Define? Explain http: //www. pbs. org/crucible/frames/_resources. ht ml 33

Quiz-Question’s 1 -3 1. Who am I? 2. What was my role in the Spanish American War? 3. What was the nickname of my voluntary Calvary? 34

Quiz-Questions 4 -6 4. What role did Yellow Journalism play in the war? 5. What ship blew up that sparked the war? 6. Who was the President during the Spanish American War? 35

Question 7 7. What hill is being taken by T. R and the Rough Riders? 36

Question 8 8. Who am I? (Hint the Admiral in Philippines) 37

Works Cited In Presentation Timeline- Sparknotes http: //www. sparknotes. com/history/american/spanishamerican/ Other Web Sites- PBS Movie web site http: //www. pbs. org/crucible/ Small Planets http: //www. smplanet. com/imperialism/teacher. html#Outline Pictures http: //www. google. com/imghp? hl=en&tab=wi&ie=UTF 8&oe=UTF-8&q= 38

Quiz Answer Sheet 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 39