Spains Empire and European Absolutism CHAPTER 5 SECTION

Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism CHAPTER 5, SECTION 1

Charles V is a Hapsburg (one of the most important ruling families in Europe) He controls Spain, Spanish colonies, parts of Italy, Austria, and the Netherlands He is elected Holy Roman Emperor, controls much of Germany

A Powerful Spanish Empire Charles V is a devout Catholic; he eventually withdraws from the monarchy to become a monk. Divides his empire between Ferdinand (his brother), and Philip II (his son) Ferdinand-Austria and HRE Philip II-Spain, colonies, Netherlands

Philip II’s Empire He is shy, serious, religious, hardworking, also can be suspicious Aggressive-he seizes Portugal Immensely wealthy

Defender of Catholicism Religious conflict is ongoing in Spain between Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews Philip II tried to fight against Protestants and Muslims, felt it was his duty to protect Spain from non-Catholics

Golden Age of Spanish Art and Literature The Golden Age of Spanish art and literature occurred during the 16 th and 17 th centuries

El Greco and Velazquez El Greco “The Greek, ” born in Crete He used bold colors, distorted figures, expressed emotion Displayed deep Catholic faith Diego Velazquez-pride of the Spanish monarchy, painted portraits of the royal family

Don Quixote Miguel de Cervantes writes Don Quixote, which is a book about a poor Spanish nobleman who reads too many books and has wild ideas Is he mocking chivalry, or is he a romantic idealist? Known as the birth of the European novel

The Spanish Empire Weakens Temporary wealth leads to long-term problems

Inflation and Taxes Inflation is a decrease in the value of money, combined with an increase in price Ex. $1 is now worth 80 cents; at the same time, gas is going from $3/gal to $3. 50 There are 2 factors in this case Increasing population, silver floods the market Expulsion of Jews and Muslims causes a problem as nobles did not pay taxes

Making Spain’s Enemies Rich Artisans (people making things with their hands) must belong to guilds The guild system forces costs to go up, which leads people to buy goods from other countries Philip II is borrowing money to pay foreign debts.

The Dutch Revolt The Spanish had to have an army in the Netherlands to control their colonists Culture clash The Spanish raise taxes and attempt to crush Protestantism Causes a full-fledged revolt, separate in 1579

Independent Dutch Prosper The Netherlands become like the city of Florence during the Renaissance Widespread feelings of religious toleration and republicanism

Dutch Art Rembrandt-Greatest Dutch artist Jan Vermeer-Pioneered effects of light and dark on painting

Dutch Trading Empire The Dutch bought surplus grain from other European countries and held it for the right time They were able to sell when demand was high and supply was low, so price was ____ They had the largest fleet of ships in the world in the 1600 s

Absolutism in Europe Philip II is the 1 st major example of absolutism

Theory of Absolutism An absolute monarch wants to control every aspect of society They believe in divine right to rule

Growing Power of Europe’s Monarchs KEY CONTRIBUTING FACTORS: : : : Decline of feudalism Rise of cities Growth of national kingdoms Supported by middle class

Crises Lead to Absolutism 17 th century-period of great upheaval in Europe Governments build huge armies and therefore levy huge taxes, people revolt Monarchs try to impose order by increasing control Most famous absolute monarch: Louis XIV