Spain France and England Lay Claim in the

Spain, France, and England Lay Claim in the New World Competing Powers in North America

Claim to Florida • How did Spain obtain such wealth in the New World? • This wealth quickly made others jealous – France and England. • As early as 1523 C. E. , French raiders were taking gold and silver from Cortes’s ships.

Claim to Florida • Hugenots went to Florida – Why? • 1562 C. E. , Hugenots established a settlement at Port Royal Sound, close to Spain’s route of treasure fleets. • What did this cause the Spanish to think?

Claim to Florida • French continued to colonize Florida in 1564 C. E. ; erected Fort Caroline (Jacksonville). • Spain would react; King Philip II sent 300 soldiers and 700 colonists to secure Florida. • Pedro Menendez de Aviles; massacred hundreds of Hugenots.

Claim to Florida • Menendez built St. Augustine to discourage the French from returning. • After defeating the French, Spain looked into the interior of Florida. • 1570 C. E. , eight missions to convert Native Americans. • Went to Chesapeake Bay to look for “an intrance into the mountains and on to China. ”

Claim to Florida • Spain failed to secure a foothold in Chesapeake Bay. • By 1572 C. E. , all the missionaries had been killed. • A new rival appeared on the scene almost overnight – who?

English Expansion • Before he died, Henry VIII built a sizable navy. • English were exporting wool and population was rising. • Landowners began pushing tenants off their land – where would they go?

English Expansion • London pop. soared from 50, 000 to 200, 000 in only 100 years. • Wool industry collapsed, so merchants looked elsewhere for money. • England began looking in Scandinavia, Arctic Ocean, China, Morocco, and Africa. • England began buying slaves in Africa and selling them to the Spanish in the Caribbean.

English Expansion • King Philip II had enough of Protestants; he forced English sailors like Francis Drake out of Mexican waters in 1568 C. E. • With quiet support from Elizabeth I, English continued to challenge the Spanish on the high seas. • Francis Drake was by far the most successful.

English Expansion • Drake’s Voyage – 1577 to 1580; plundered Peru, claimed San Francisco Bay for England, sailed around the world. • Sacked ports in the Caribbean, attacked St. Augustine, and sank 2 dozen Spanish ships in 1588.

Drake’s Voyage

English Expansion • England’s anti-Catholic propagandists made Drake a national hero. • England painted Spanish cruelties toward Native Americans in worst terms. • Translated Las Casas writings into English – Las Casas (Spain) wrote vivid accounts of Spanish cruelty.

English Expansion • Hypocrisy – England pointed out Spanish cruelty in the New World, but England’s conquest of Ireland was equally as bloody. • Remember, it’s about land – what is the next logical conquest for England.

Lost Colony: Roanoke • 1567 C. E. , Englishman Sir Humphrey Gilbert proposed the idea of a northwestern passage to China. • Wrote an essay called “How Her Majesty May Annoy the King of Spain” – Proposed a colony in Newfoundland

Lost Colony: Roanoke • Numerous shipwrecks and desertions doomed Gilbert; dies on the way back to England. • Gilbert’s half-brother, Walter Raleigh, decides to plant a colony near Chesapeake Bay. • 1584 C. E. , learned about Roanoke Island decided to settle there.

Lost Colony: Roanoke • English saw it as a place of advantage against Spain – why? • Raleigh failed three times. – 1. 1585 C. E. bad storms destroyed the ships. – 2. 1586 C. E. ships diverted to the Caribbean to raid Spanish ships. – 3. 1587 C. E. John White w/110 settlers…….

Lost Colony: Roanoke • May 1587 to August 1587 C. E. , tough life. • John White was sent back to England with supplies. • When he got back, all the settlers were gone and the word “Croatoan” was carved on a post. • What happened?