Spain By Madison Wright Absolute and Relative Location

Spain By: Madison Wright

Absolute and Relative Location

• Absolute Location: Spain is located in Southwestern Europe. It lies at 45 degree- 63 degree N latitude and 57 degree- 80 degree W longitude. • Relative location: Spain is bordered by the countries of France, Portugal and Andorra.

Climate of Spain The climate of Spain varies across the country. Three main climatic zones can be distinguished, according to geographical situation and conditions. • The Mediterranean climate has dry and warm summers and cool and wet winters. • The oceanic climate another climate and is in the northern part of the country. This climate has warm, but not hot summers and cool, but not cold winters. • And the semiarid climate located in the south eastern part of the country. The dry season continues beyond the end of the summer.

Physical Characteristics of Spain • Spain has a variety of characteristics including desert-like plateaus, coastal environments, and mountains. One of the significant physical features is the Pyrenees Mountains along Spain’s boarder with France. Pyrenees Mountains

Natural Resources Few Pictures of Spain’s Recourses: Coal Magnesite Spain’s natural resourses are: coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, and arable land. Copper Iron Ore

Natural Hazards Spain has a few natural hazards. Spain has periodic droughts, occasional floods. There is a volcanic activity in the Canary Islands and it last erupted in 1971. Canary Islands

Environmental Issues Spain has a lot of things effecting them at this moment… Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification

Population, Age Structure, Birth and Death Rate, and Infant Mortality of Spain • Spain’s population is 47, 190, 493 • Age structure: 0 -14 years: 15. 1% (male 3, 646, 614/female 3, 435, 311) 15 -64 years: 67. 7% (male 16, 036, 556/female 15, 637, 090) 65 years and over: 17. 1% (male 3, 389, 681/female 4, 609, 532) (2011 est. ) • Birth Rate: 10. 4 births/1, 000 population (2012 est. ) • Death Rate: 8. 88 deaths/1, 000 population (July 2012 est. ) • Infant Mortality rate: total: 3. 37 deaths/1, 000 live births male: 3. 71 deaths/1, 000 live births female: 3. 01 deaths/1, 000 live births (2012 est. )

Ethnic Groups and Religions Cultural groups in Spain include the Castilians of Central Spain, the Asturians and the Basques of Vizcaya, Alva, Guipuzcoa, and Navarra provinces in the north, the Catalans of Catalonia, the Galicians of the far northwest, and the Andalusians of the south. Roman Catholic Church in Spain has many religions, but the main religion is Roman Catholicism. However they still have other religions such as Jews and Muslims.

Languages and Literacy Spain has different kinds of languages including Euskera, Castilian, Catalan, Galician, and other Spanish languages.

Government type of Spain = Constitutional Monarchy Capital of Spain = Madrid, Spain

Spain’s Administrative Divisions There are three levels of territorial organization: municipalities, provinces, and autonomous communities. Autonomous communities are part of provinces and provinces are a part of the larger municipalities.

Spain’s History 711 - Iberia invaded by Muslim army 1013 - Spain separated into small kingdoms 1137 - Kingdom of Aragon formed 1702 -14 - War of Spanish Succession 1931 - Spain became Republic 2008 - Plane crash in Madrid killed 153; Historical Memory Law passed, people (approx. 500, 000) who had to flee Spain during Civil War have right to apply for Spanish Citizenship.

Spain’s National Holidays Spain’s national holidays are: • New Year’s Day • Epiphany • Easter • Labor Day • Assumption of Mary and • Hispanic Day New Year’s Day in Spain

Legal System and Suffrage • • Spain’s criminal justice system is based on Roman Law An arrested person has up to 72 hours of detention An arrested person must be informed of his rights An arrested person has the right to an attorney and a right to be represented in trial An arrested person has the right to appeal against illegal detention and mistreatment Trial by jury Suffrage – Universal right to vote: people have the “Right” to vote but not necessarily the “opportunity” to vote – 18 years of age

• Executive Branch and Legislative Branches: “Executive-president of government nominated by monarch, subject to approval by democratically elected Congress of Deputies. ” “Legislative--bicameral Cortes: a 350 -seat Congress of Deputies (elected by the d'Hondt system of proportional representation) and a Senate. Four senators are elected in each of 47 peninsular provinces, 16 are elected from the three island provinces, and Ceuta and Melilla elect two each; this accounts for 208 senators. The parliaments of the 17 autonomous regions also elect one senator as well as one additional senator for every 1 million inhabitants within their territory (about 20 senators). ” “Judicial--Constitutional Tribunal has jurisdiction over constitutional issues. Supreme Tribunal heads system comprising territorial, provincial, regional, and municipal courts. ”

Political Parties • Political parties: “Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Popular Party (PP), and the United Left (IU) coalition. Key regional parties are the Convergence and Union (CIU) in Catalonia and the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) in the Basque country. ”

Head of the Government and Economic System • President of the Government of Spain. Presidente del Gobierno de España Economic System: General Characteristics of Agriculture, Industrial, and Information Age Economic Systems – Agricultural Age: Feudal economic systems and earlier ancient empire economic systems based on slavery – Industrial Age: – Rise of capitalist economic systems and then socialist economic systems (as a critque of capitalism) – Information Age: – Both capitalist and socialist economic systems are being greatly restructured as they become part of a global economy; no pure systems, hybrids instead, though also privatization trends world wide-including in former socialist countries.

GDP and Industries/Major Crops/Agriculture Activities • • “GDP (2004): $955. 1 billion in current prices (seventh-largest Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development--OECD--economy). Annual growth rate: 2. 5%. Per capita GDP: $22, 421. Natural resources: Coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, hydroelectric power. Agriculture and fisheries (2. 9% of GDP, 2004 est. ): Products--grains, vegetables, citrus and deciduous fruits, wine, olives and olive oil, sunflowers, livestock. Industry (17. 3% of GDP, 2004 est. ): Types--processed foods, textiles, footwear, petrochemicals, steel, automobiles, consumer goods, electronics. Trade (2003): Exports--$137. 8 billion: automobiles, fruits, minerals, metals, clothing, footwear, textiles. Major markets--EU 71. 8%, U. S. 4. 12%. Imports--$184. 1 billion: petroleum, oilseeds, aircraft, grains, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, fish, consumer goods. Major sources--EU 63. 9%, U. S. 3. 7%. Average exchange rate (first semester 2004): € 0. 815=U. S. $1. ” “Industries: textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment”

Labor Made Up (Agriculture, Industry, and Service) Spain is taken up by 61. 8 of agriculture Manual labor is reserved for the younger workers. Gender determines what tasks need to be tended to by what gender. The oldest child often is responsible for making family decisions and supporting the family.

ats Bo g Transportation in Spain in k i B A s e n a l irp There are many transpor tations in Spain. s r a C B s s u s e

Military (Structure), Current foreign conflicts, and Current national concerns. Spain has a Spanish Army and a Spanish Republican Army. Spain is engaged in armed conflict in Afghanistan. Spain sent F-18 fighter planes, a tanker aircraft, a frigate, a submarine and a maritime surveillance plane as a part of its contribution. The main problem that Spain has is their Drug Problem.

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