Spain Builds an American Empire Chapter 4 Section

Spain Builds an American Empire Chapter 4 Section 1

Goals and Objectives: Upon completion, students should be able to: 1. Describe the voyages of Columbus and other key explorers. 2. Describe the Spanish conquests of the Aztecs and the Inca 3. Identify the impacts of Spanish colonization on the indigenous population. 4. Trace the level of resistance to Spanish rule. by the indigenous population. n

Columbus n Exploration causes the Spanish to establish colonies in the Americas

First Encounters n Columbus reaches Americas in 1492 n Thinking he was in the East Indies he names the people he encounters “Los Indios” – Indians n Actually landed on an island, most likely the Bahamas

Where’s the Gold? ? ? ? n Unable to find gold, he claims the lands for Spain n 1493 – sets out for another voyage to the Americas with a larger fleet n Spain sets up colonies – Lands controlled by a foreign nation

Exploration 1500 – Pedro Alvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal n 1501 – Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as a continent n 1507 – German map maker names the new continent America n

Vasco Nunez be Balboa reaches the pacific Ocean n 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail around the world n 1522 – Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to Spain n

Spanish Conquer Mexico Ø Conquistadors • 1519 – Hernando Cortes – Spanish adventurer – lands in Mexico • He and others became known as conquistadors – Spanish conquerors

Ø Cortes Conquers the Aztecs • Cortez and 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan • By 1521, the conquer Aztec Empire • Superior weapons and disease wipe out Aztecs so quickly

Spanish conquer Peru Ø Francisco Pizzaro • Leads force to Peru in in 1532 • Pizzaro kills Atahualpa – Inca Ruler – and defeats the Inca

Results of Spanish Conquest Spanish men and Native women have children n Large mestizo – mixed Spanish and native – population n Encomienda system – Spanish force natives to work for them n

Portuguese n Portuguese settle in Brazil during the 1530’s, begin growing sugar

Spanish Influence Conquests bring large wealth to the Spanish and as a result they expand their Navy to protect ships carrying treasure n 1513 – Juan Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain n

n n n 1540’s – Francisco Coronado explores Southwest, finds little gold Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest Early 1600’s, Spanish establish capital of Santa Fe

Opposition to Spanish Catholic priests object to treatment of natives n Spain abolishes Encomienda system in 1542 n Need for workers causes African slave trade n

n Some native Americans resist Spanish conquerors n 1680 – Pope’ leads rebellion against Spanish in modern New Mexico n Spanish driven out, but return 12 years later to stay