Space Nutrition Nutrient Requirements Energy CHO fiber Fat

Space Nutrition Nutrient Requirements Energy CHO (fiber), Fat, Protein Fat-soluble vitamins Water-soluble vitamins Minerals Fluid Countermeasures Energy Amino acids Protein Sodium Fatty acids Antioxidants Other Systems Bone Muscle Cardio Fluid/Electrolyte Immunology Hematology Neuro Endo GI BHP Bisphonates KCitrate Medications Exercise Other Vehicle/Mission Duration Food System Radiation EVA Schedule

Christmas Day 2008 Mesquite grilled tuna in a lemon and garlic ginger marinade Stuffing (cornbread stuffing, cooked onions & garlic in olive oil, rehydrated sausage, honey) Russian crab salad (eggs, corn, mayo, horseradish)

New Year’s Day 2009 Black bean salad (cooked onions, corn, re-hydrated sun-dried tomatoes, honey, balsamic vinegar) Mexican scramble (eggs, potatoes, cheese, breakfast sausage links, rehydrated sundried tomatoes, cooked onions and garlic, and picante sauce on a tortilla)

Energy Intake l Inadequate food intake will compromise crew health and performance l Intake of all nutrients is dependent on the adequacy of energy intake

Energy

SLAMMD

Vitamin D Smith et al. , J Nutr, 2006 Smith et al. , J Nutr, 2005

Polar Vitamin D: Winter 2007 Smith et al. , AJCN, 2009

Polar II: Winter 2009 2, 000 IU/d 10, 000 IU/wk Vitamin D, Calcium Immune Markers

Bone Human Body Diet Absorption Bone breakdown Bone formation Stomach and Intestines Calcium Pools Deposition Bone Excretion Feces Secretion Excretion Resorption Urine

Potential Countermeasures Nutrition l Exercise l Pharmacology l l Gravity

• N-telopeptide • Helical peptide

Nutrition and Bone

Nutrition and Bone

NEEMO

Iron, Oxygen, and EVA Radiation/oxygen issues have implications for cataracts and other health issues.

Earth Benefits Research l Countermeasures l Technology l Education/Outreach l

Education/Outreach