Space Environment Dr Hulya Kirkici Associate Professor Electrical

Space Environment Dr. Hulya Kirkici Associate Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University Hulya. kirkici@ieee. org B. S. Middle East Technical University, Ankara M. S. Middle East Technical University, Ankara Ph. D. Polytechnic University, New York, NY, USA September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Research Background: Lasers and laser physics Laser systems Plasma Physics (cold plasmas) Space plasmas Space environmental affects on orbital vehicles Space power systems Pulsed power engineering Electrical insulations in space Dielectrics (in space) and dielectric breakdown September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Course Outline: Introductions Sun and Solar System Interplanetary Space Solar Terrestrial and Earth-Moon Systems Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere Magnetic field and Magnetosphere Motion of charged particles Solar wind and interactions Communication in space environment September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Text Books Introduction to the Space Environment, by Thomas F. Tascione Orbit Book Company, 1988 The Space Environment, by Alan C. Tribble, Princeton University Press, 1995 September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Introduction Space Environment: Vacuum Neutral Plasma Radiation Micrometeoroid & debris Interactions: September 29, 2003 Spacecraft Sub-systems Payloads Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Human curiosity to know the heavens…. Nature of Universe…… Isaac Newton – gravitational force ~250 years Fist object in space (leaving Earth’s surface) in 1957 Lunar expiatory 1960 s and 1970 s Near Earth space vehicles ~1980 s and 1990 s Space Shuttle ~ 1980 s and today International Space Station ~1990 s September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Today’s success didn’t happen over-night Many failures 20 -30 percent of failures are due to interactions Need to know more about the space and its environment to be able to design, build, and operate more reliable space vehicles, systems Problems still exist Recent Shuttle disaster Mars probe failures Other examples…. September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Introduction Space Environment: Vacuum Neutral Plasma Radiation Micrometeoroid & debris Interactions: September 29, 2003 Spacecraft Sub-systems Payloads Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Vacuum – understood, no air, or no molecules Vacuum like At an altitude of 300 km, pressure is ~10 E-5 torr Mass density ~10 E 17 per meter-cube Composed of neutral particles Kinetic energy chemical interaction September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Plasma 1% of neutral species are ionized Forms plasma (weakly ionized) Charge particles accelerate gain energy Collisions among themselves and spacecraft Charging effects on the vehicle And more…. September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Radiation Solar wind UV radiation X-ray and gamma rays Me. V energy Penetrate through the skin Radiation hardening Material Degradation September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment Micro-meteorites and Debris Man-made contamination Dust from Earth's surface Exhaust debris Interplanetary dust Kinetic energies High (hyper) velocities 1 gr of particle with Km/s velocity September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University

Space Environment QUESTIONS? End of lecture-1 September 29, 2003 Lecture-1 Hulya Kirkici Istanbul Technical University